Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Apr 10;23(8):4189. doi: 10.3390/ijms23084189.
Salty environments are widely known to be inhospitable to most microorganisms. For centuries salt has been used as a food preservative, while highly saline environments were considered uninhabited by organisms, and if habited, only by prokaryotic ones. Nowadays, we know that filamentous fungi are widespread in many saline habitats very often characterized also by other extremes, for example, very low or high temperature, lack of light, high pressure, or low water activity. However, fungi are still the least understood organisms among halophiles, even though they have been shown to counteract these unfavorable conditions by producing multiple secondary metabolites with interesting properties or unique biomolecules as one of their survival strategies. In this review, we focused on biomolecules obtained from halophilic filamentous fungi such as enzymes, pigments, biosurfactants, and osmoprotectants.
咸环境被广泛认为对大多数微生物不友好。几个世纪以来，盐一直被用作食品防腐剂，而高盐环境被认为没有生物居住，如果有生物居住，也只有原核生物。如今，我们知道丝状真菌广泛存在于许多盐生栖息地，这些栖息地通常还具有其他极端条件，例如极低或高温、缺乏光照、高压或低水活度。然而，真菌仍然是盐生生物中了解最少的生物，尽管它们已经被证明可以通过产生具有有趣特性的多种次生代谢物或独特的生物分子作为其生存策略之一来对抗这些不利条件。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了从嗜盐丝状真菌中获得的生物分子，如酶、色素、生物表面活性剂和渗透调节剂。
