Nogueira Joana, Gerardo Bianca, Santana Isabel, Simões Mário R, Freitas Sandra
Univ Coimbra, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive and Behavioral Intervention (CINEICC), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences (FPCEUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
Univ Coimbra, Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics Laboratory (PsyAssessmentLab), Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences (FPCEUC), Coimbra, Portugal.
Front Psychol. 2022 Mar 31;13:847186. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.847186. eCollection 2022.
The cognitive reserve (CR) is widely accepted as the active ability to cope with brain damage, using preexisting cognitive and compensatory processes. The common CR proxies used are the number of formal years of education, intelligence quotient (IQ) or premorbid functioning, occupation attainment, and participation in leisure activities. More recently, it has employed the level of literacy and engagement in high-level cognitive demand of professional activities. This study aims to identify and summarize published methodologies to assess the CR quantitatively. We searched for published studies on PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science between September 2018 and September 2021. We only included those studies that characterized the CR assessment methodology. The search strategy identified 1,285 publications, of which 25 were included. Most of the instruments targeted proxies individually. The lack of a gold standard tool that incorporates all proxies and cognitive tests highlights the need to develop a more holistic battery for the quantitative assessment of CR. Further studies should focus on a quantitative methodology that includes all these proxies supported by normative data to improve the use of CR as a valid measure in clinical contexts.
认知储备（CR）被广泛认为是一种利用预先存在的认知和补偿过程来应对脑损伤的主动能力。常用的CR替代指标包括正规教育年限、智商（IQ）或病前功能、职业成就以及参与休闲活动情况。最近，它还采用了读写能力水平以及专业活动中对高水平认知需求的参与度。本研究旨在识别和总结已发表的定量评估CR的方法。我们在2018年9月至2021年9月期间在PubMed、ScienceDirect和Web of Science上搜索已发表的研究。我们只纳入了那些对CR评估方法进行了描述的研究。检索策略共识别出1285篇出版物，其中25篇被纳入。大多数工具分别针对替代指标。缺乏一种包含所有替代指标和认知测试的金标准工具，这凸显了开发一种更全面的组合方法用于CR定量评估的必要性。进一步的研究应聚焦于一种定量方法，该方法包括所有这些有规范数据支持的替代指标，以改善CR在临床环境中作为有效测量指标的应用。
