Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Department of Cancer Biology and Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
Trends Cell Biol. 2022 Oct;32(10):868-882. doi: 10.1016/j.tcb.2022.04.001. Epub 2022 Apr 28.
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can self-renew indefinitely in culture while retaining the potential to differentiate into virtually all normal cell types in the adult animal. Due to these remarkable properties, PSCs not only provide a superb system to investigate mammalian development and model diseases, but also hold promise for regenerative therapies. Autophagy is a self-digestive process that targets proteins, organelles, and other cellular contents for lysosomal degradation. Here, we review recent literature on the mechanistic role of different types of autophagy in embryonic development, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), and induced PSCs (iPSCs), focusing on their remodeling functions on protein, metabolism, and epigenetics. We present a perspective on unsolved issues and propose that autophagy is a promising target to modulate acquisition, maintenance, and directed differentiation of PSCs.
多能干细胞（PSCs）在培养中可以无限自我更新，同时保持分化为成年动物中几乎所有正常细胞类型的潜力。由于这些显著的特性，PSCs 不仅提供了一个极好的系统来研究哺乳动物的发育和疾病模型，而且为再生疗法提供了希望。自噬是一种自我消化的过程，它将蛋白质、细胞器和其他细胞内容物靶向到溶酶体进行降解。在这里，我们回顾了关于不同类型的自噬在胚胎发育、胚胎干细胞（ESCs）和诱导多能干细胞（iPSCs）中的机制作用的最新文献，重点介绍了它们在蛋白质、代谢和表观遗传学方面的重塑功能。我们提出了对未解决问题的看法，并提出自噬是一个有前途的靶点，可以调节 PSCs 的获得、维持和定向分化。
