Levin Michael, Spiro Robert C, Jain Himanshu, Falk Matthias M
Department of Bioengineering, P.C. Rossin College of Engineering & Applied Science, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, 18015, USA.
Research and Development, Aesculap Implant Systems, LLC, Breinigsville, PA, 18031, USA.
Med Devices (Auckl). 2022 Apr 26;15:103-119. doi: 10.2147/MDER.S360297. eCollection 2022.
Titanium is commonly used for implants because of its corrosion resistance and osseointegration capability. It is well known that surface topology affects the response of bone tissue towards implants. In vivo studies have shown that in weeks or months, bone tissue bonds more efficiently to titanium implants with rough surfaces compared to smooth surfaces. In addition, stimulating early endosseous integration increases the long-term stability of bone-implants and hence their clinical outcome. Here, we evaluated the response of human MG-63 osteoblast-like cells to flat and solid, compared to rough and porous surface topologies in vitro 1-6 days post seeding. We compared the morphology, proliferation, and attachment of cells onto three smooth surfaces: tissue culture (TC) plastic or microscope cover glasses, machined polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK), and machined solid titanium, to cells on a highly porous (average R 22.94 μm) plasma-sprayed titanium surface (composite Ti-PEEK spine implants).
We used immuno-fluorescence (IF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as Live/Dead and WST-1 cell proliferation assays.
SEM analyses confirmed the rough topology of the titanium implant surface, compared to the smooth surface of PEEK, solid titanium, TC plastic and cover glasses. In addition, SEM analyses revealed that MG-63 cells seeded onto smooth surfaces (solid titanium, PEEK) adopted a flat, planar morphology, while cells on the rough titanium surface adopted an elongated morphology with numerous filopodial and lamellipodial extensions interacting with the substrate. Finally, IF analyses of focal adhesions (vinculin, focal adhesion kinase), as well as proliferation assays indicate that MG-63 cells adhere less and proliferate at a slower rate on the rough than on a smooth titanium surface.
These observations suggest that bone-forming osteoblasts adhere less strongly and proliferate slower on rough compared to smooth titanium surfaces, likely promoting cell differentiation, which is in agreement with other porous implant materials.
钛因其耐腐蚀性能和骨整合能力而常用于植入物。众所周知，表面拓扑结构会影响骨组织对植入物的反应。体内研究表明，在数周或数月内，与光滑表面相比，骨组织与表面粗糙的钛植入物结合得更有效。此外，促进早期骨内整合可提高骨-植入物的长期稳定性，从而改善其临床效果。在此，我们评估了人MG-63成骨样细胞在接种后1-6天对平坦、实心表面与粗糙、多孔表面拓扑结构的体外反应。我们比较了细胞在三种光滑表面（组织培养（TC）塑料或显微镜盖玻片、加工过的聚醚醚酮（PEEK）和加工过的实心钛）上的形态、增殖和附着情况，以及在高度多孔（平均R 22.94μm）的等离子喷涂钛表面（复合Ti-PEEK脊柱植入物）上的细胞情况。
我们使用了免疫荧光（IF）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）以及活/死和WST-1细胞增殖检测方法。
SEM分析证实了钛植入物表面的粗糙拓扑结构，与PEEK、实心钛、TC塑料和盖玻片的光滑表面形成对比。此外，SEM分析显示，接种在光滑表面（实心钛、PEEK）上的MG-63细胞呈现扁平、平面形态，而在粗糙钛表面上的细胞则呈现细长形态，有许多丝状伪足和片状伪足延伸与基质相互作用。最后，对焦黏附（纽蛋白、黏着斑激酶）的IF分析以及增殖检测表明，MG-63细胞在粗糙钛表面上的黏附较少，增殖速度比在光滑钛表面上慢。
这些观察结果表明，与光滑钛表面相比，成骨的成骨细胞在粗糙钛表面上的黏附力较弱，增殖较慢，这可能促进细胞分化，这与其他多孔植入材料的情况一致。
