Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Plant Ecophysiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
Sci Rep. 2022 May 4;12(1):7234. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11375-6.
Artemisia is one of the most diverse genera in the Asteraceae family. The genus is wildly distributed in Irano-Turanian habitats and includes 34 species in Iran. Here, for the first time the essential oil variability, antioxidants and anti-cholinesterase and anti-tyrosinase activities of extracts of three Artemisia species (A. tournefortiana, A. khorassanica, A. haussknechtii), from different regions of Iran were evaluated. Based on GC-MS analyses, 81.84% to 98.70% of the total oils were identified. Cluster analysis grouped the studied populations in three different chemotypes. The highest and the lowest essential oil contents were observed in A. khorassanica and A. haussknechtii species, respectively. Camphor, en-in-dicycloether, 1,8-cineole and (Z)-β-farnesene were the dominant components of essential oil in investigated ecotypes. The results revealed that the total phenol content was higher in A. tournefortiana collected from Kerman and A. haussknechtii collected from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari. However, the lowest phenol content was recorded for A. haussknechtii collected from Isfahan province. The highest flavonoids content was found in A. tournefortiana collected from West Azerbaijan and A. khorassanica collected from North Khorasan. The highest FRAP antioxidant activity was observed in A. tournefortiana (Kerman) and the lower amount was in A. haussknechtii collected from Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad. The highest antioxidant activity by DPPH method was in A. khorassanica collected from South Khorasan and the lowest activity was in Isfahan's A. haussknechtii. The acetycholine esterase inhibitory activity was higher in A. tournefortiana collected from West Azerbaijan; and the lowest activity was in A. haussknechtii collected from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. The highest tyrosinase inhibitory activity was in A. khorassanica collected from North Khorasan; and the lowest was in A. haussknechtii collected from Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari.
蒿属是菊科中最多样化的属之一。该属广泛分布于伊朗-图兰生境中，在伊朗有 34 种。在这里，首次评估了来自伊朗不同地区的三种蒿属植物（A. tournefortiana、A. khorassanica、A. haussknechtii）提取物的精油变异性、抗氧化剂、乙酰胆碱酯酶和酪氨酸酶抑制活性。基于 GC-MS 分析，鉴定出总油的 81.84%至 98.70%。聚类分析将研究种群分为三种不同的化学型。在 A. khorassanica 和 A. haussknechtii 中观察到最高和最低的精油含量。莰烯、1,8-桉叶素、（Z）-β-法呢烯是所研究生态型精油的主要成分。结果表明，来自克尔曼的 A. tournefortiana 和来自恰哈马哈勒和巴赫蒂亚里的 A. haussknechtii 的总酚含量较高。然而，来自伊斯法罕省的 A. haussknechtii 记录的总酚含量最低。西阿塞拜疆的 A. tournefortiana 和北呼罗珊的 A. khorassanica 的黄酮类化合物含量最高。A. tournefortiana（克尔曼）的 FRAP 抗氧化活性最高，而来自科吉卢耶赫和博耶-阿赫马德的 A. haussknechtii 的含量最低。来自南呼罗珊的 A. khorassanica 的 DPPH 法抗氧化活性最高，而来自伊斯法罕的 A. haussknechtii 的活性最低。来自西阿塞拜疆的 A. tournefortiana 的乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性较高；而恰哈马哈勒和巴赫蒂亚里的 A. haussknechtii 的活性最低。来自北呼罗珊的 A. khorassanica 的酪氨酸酶抑制活性最高；而来自恰哈马哈勒和巴赫蒂亚里的 A. haussknechtii 的活性最低。
