Centre of Family and Forensic Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Academic Unit of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
Trauma Violence Abuse. 2023 Oct;24(4):2282-2296. doi: 10.1177/15248380221093689. Epub 2022 May 6.
Autistic individuals are at an increased risk of experiencing victimisation. Previous reviews have focussed specific types of victimisation. Thus, a clearer picture considering the range of victimisation experiences autistic people face is required. This systematic review aims to identify the prevalence of victimisation in autistic individuals considering a variety of victimisation types (e.g., bulling, sexual victimisation, and crime) in both adults and children from clinical and community settings. Through systematic searches of relevant databases, 291 studies met the criteria for review. Of those, 34 studies met the inclusion criteria: a) quantitative studies, b) involving autistic individuals, c) reporting prevalence rates of victimisation. Meta-analysis found a pooled prevalence rate of victimisation of 44% in autistic individuals. Subgroup analysis examined moderating factors as high heterogeneity was present. This found the pooled prevalence rates for bullying to be 47%, 16% for child abuse, 40% for sexual victimisation, 13% for cyberbullying, and 84% for multiple forms of victimisation in autistic individuals, though heterogeneity remained. Correction for participants' age, reporter used, and the population which the sample was recruited from did not reduce heterogeneity. Although heterogeneity impedes the definitive interpretation of the findings, this review illustrates the need for strategies and interventions to reduce the incidence of victimisation.
自闭症个体遭受伤害的风险较高。之前的综述集中于特定类型的伤害。因此，需要更清楚地了解自闭症患者所面临的各种伤害经历。本系统综述旨在确定自闭症个体在临床和社区环境中遭受各种伤害类型（例如欺凌、性伤害和犯罪）的普遍性，包括成年人和儿童。通过对相关数据库的系统搜索，有 291 项研究符合审查标准。其中，有 34 项研究符合纳入标准：a）定量研究，b）涉及自闭症个体，c）报告伤害发生率。荟萃分析发现，自闭症个体的伤害发生率为 44%。亚组分析检查了调节因素，因为存在高度异质性。结果发现，自闭症个体中欺凌的发生率为 47%，儿童虐待为 16%，性伤害为 40%，网络欺凌为 13%，多种形式的伤害为 84%，但异质性仍然存在。对参与者年龄、报告者使用以及样本招募人群进行校正并没有降低异质性。尽管异质性阻碍了对研究结果的明确解释，但本综述说明了需要制定策略和干预措施来减少伤害的发生。
