Masachessi Gisela, Castro Gonzalo, Cachi Ariana Mariela, Marinzalda María de Los Ángeles, Liendo Matías, Pisano María Belén, Sicilia Paola, Ibarra Gustavo, Rojas Ricardo Manuel, López Laura, Barbás Gabriela, Cardozo Diego, Ré Viviana Elisabeth, Nates Silvia Viviana
Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Enfermera Gordillo Gómez s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Córdoba X5000, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, CABA C1425FQB, Argentina.
Departamento Laboratorio Central, Ministerio de Salud de la Provincia de Córdoba, T. Cáceres de Allende 421, Córdoba X5000HVE, Argentina.
Water Res. 2022 Jul 1;219:118541. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118541. Epub 2022 May 4.
Monitoring wastewater for the traces of viruses allows effective surveillance of entire communities, including symptomatic and asymptomatic infected individuals, providing information on whether a specific pathogen is circulating in a population. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, 261 wastewater samples from six communities of the province of Córdoba, Argentina were analyzed. From mid-May 2020 to the end of August 2021, raw sewage samples were collected from the central network pipe that enters into the Wastewater Treatment Plants (WWTP) in Córdoba city and five communities in the Punilla Valley. SARS-CoV-2 was concentrated by using the polyethylene glycol-6000 precipitation method. Viral genomes were extracted from concentrated samples, and N- and E-SARS-CoV-2 genes were detected by using real time RT-PCR. Wastewater samples that resulted positive for SARS-CoV-2 genome detection were subjected to viral variants of concern (VOCs) identification by real time RT-PCR. Overall, just by using the identification of the N gene or E gene, the rates of viral genome detection were 43.4% (86/198) and 51.5% (102/198) respectively, and by using both methodologies (positivity criterion: detection of N and / or E gene), the detection rate was 71.2% (141/198). Thereby, the optimal strategy to study the SARS-CoV-2 genome in wastewater would be the use of the combined detection of both genes. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 variants in wastewater reflected their circulation in the community, showing no VOCs detection in the first COVID-19 wave and their co-circulation with Gamma, Alpha and Delta VOCs during 2021. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 Wastewater Based Epidemiology (WBE) described the introduction, permanence and/or the co-circulation of viral variants in the community. In geographical areas with a stable population, SARS-CoV-2 WBE could be used as an early warning sign of new COVID-19 cases, whereas in localities with a low number of inhabitants and high tourist influx, WBE may only be useful to reflect the circulation of the virus in the community. Overall, the monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater can become a silent sentinel of the trend of viral circulation in the community, providing supplementary information for clinical surveillance to support public health measures.
监测废水中的病毒痕迹可对整个社区进行有效监测，包括有症状和无症状的感染者，从而提供有关特定病原体是否在人群中传播的信息。在新冠疫情背景下，对阿根廷科尔多瓦省六个社区的261份废水样本进行了分析。从2020年5月中旬到2021年8月底，从进入科尔多瓦市污水处理厂（WWTP）的中央管网以及普尼利亚山谷的五个社区收集原污水样本。使用聚乙二醇-6000沉淀法浓缩严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）。从浓缩样本中提取病毒基因组，并使用实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测SARS-CoV-2的N基因和E基因。对SARS-CoV-2基因组检测呈阳性的废水样本通过实时RT-PCR进行关注的病毒变异株（VOCs）鉴定。总体而言，仅通过N基因或E基因的鉴定，病毒基因组检测率分别为43.4%（86/198）和51.5%（102/198），而使用两种方法（阳性标准：检测N和/或E基因）时，检测率为71.2%（141/198）。因此，研究废水中SARS-CoV-2基因组的最佳策略是联合检测这两个基因。废水中SARS-CoV-2变异株的检测反映了它们在社区中的传播情况，在第一波新冠疫情期间未检测到VOCs，而在2021年期间它们与伽马、阿尔法和德尔塔VOCs共同传播。因此，基于废水的SARS-CoV-2流行病学（WBE）描述了病毒变异株在社区中的引入、持续存在和/或共同传播情况。在人口稳定的地理区域，SARS-CoV-2 WBE可作为新冠新病例的早期预警信号，而在居民数量少且游客涌入量大的地区，WBE可能仅有助于反映病毒在社区中的传播情况。总体而言，对废水中SARS-CoV-2的监测可成为社区病毒传播趋势的无声哨兵，为临床监测提供补充信息以支持公共卫生措施。
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