Ćavar Zeljković Sanja, Schadich Ermin, Džubák Petr, Hajdúch Marián, Tarkowski Petr
Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Genetic Resources for Vegetables, Medicinal and Special Plants, Crop Research Institute, Olomouc, Czechia.
Centre of Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia.
Front Pharmacol. 2022 May 2;13:893634. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.893634. eCollection 2022.
This study presents the very first report on the antiviral activity of selected essential oils of Lamiaceae plant species and their monoterpenes against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Nineteen essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation of dried plant material, and their monoterpene profiles were determined. In addition, the exact concentrations of each monoterpene that were found at a significant level were defined. Both essential oils and their monoterpene components were tested for cytotoxic and antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 in infected Vero 76 cells. The results showed that the essential oils of four species, i.e., L. cv. Veronica, L., K.Koch, and Huds. but also (Scop.) Fritsch and Lam., and five different monoterpenes, i.e., carvacrol, carvone, 1,8-cineol, menthofuran, and pulegone, inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 replication in the infected cells. However, the antiviral activity varied both among essential oils and monoterpenes. Carvone and carvacrol exhibited moderate antiviral activity with IC concentrations of 80.23 ± 6.07 μM and 86.55 ± 12.73 μM, respectively, while the other monoterpenes were less active (IC > 100.00 μM). Structure-activity relations of related monoterpenes showed that the presence of keto and hydroxyl groups is associated with the activity of carvone and carvacrol, respectively. Furthermore, the carvone-rich essential oil of had the greatest activity among all active essential oils (IC 127.00 ± 4.63 ppm) while the other active oils exhibited mild (140 ppm < IC < 200 ppm) to weak antiviral activity (IC > 200 ppm). Both essential oils and monoterpenes showed limited or no cytotoxicity against Vero 76 cells. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed that the differences in the antiviral activity of essential oils were directly attributed to the antiviral efficacies of their particular single monoterpenes. The findings presented here on the novel antiviral property of plant essential oils and monoterpenes might be used in the development of different measures against SARS-CoV-2.
本研究首次报道了唇形科植物某些精油及其单萜类化合物对严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的抗病毒活性。通过对干燥植物材料进行水蒸馏获得了19种精油，并测定了它们的单萜类化合物谱。此外，还确定了每种在显著水平上被发现的单萜类化合物的确切浓度。对精油及其单萜类成分在感染的Vero 76细胞中针对SARS-CoV-2的细胞毒性和抗病毒活性进行了测试。结果表明，四种植物的精油，即L. cv. Veronica、L.、K.Koch和Huds.，以及（Scop.）Fritsch和Lam.，还有五种不同的单萜类化合物，即香芹酚、香芹酮、1,8-桉叶素、薄荷呋喃和胡薄荷酮，抑制了感染细胞中SARS-CoV-2的复制。然而，精油和单萜类化合物的抗病毒活性都有所不同。香芹酮和香芹酚表现出中等抗病毒活性，其IC浓度分别为80.23±6.07μM和86.55±12.73μM，而其他单萜类化合物活性较低（IC>100.00μM）。相关单萜类化合物的构效关系表明，酮基和羟基的存在分别与香芹酮和香芹酚的活性相关。此外，富含香芹酮的精油在所有活性精油中活性最强（IC 127.00±4.63ppm），而其他活性精油表现出轻度（140ppm<IC<200ppm）至弱抗病毒活性（IC>200ppm）。精油和单萜类化合物对Vero 76细胞均显示出有限的细胞毒性或无细胞毒性。层次聚类分析表明，精油抗病毒活性的差异直接归因于其特定单一单萜类化合物的抗病毒效力。这里提出的关于植物精油和单萜类化合物新型抗病毒特性的研究结果可能用于开发针对SARS-CoV-2的不同措施。
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