National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Environmental Exposures and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, U.K.
Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1Z5, Canada.
Environ Sci Technol. 2022 Jun 7;56(11):6813-6835. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c01072. Epub 2022 May 25.
Implementation of regulatory standards has reduced exhaust emissions of particulate matter from road traffic substantially in the developed world. However, nonexhaust particle emissions arising from the wear of brakes, tires, and the road surface, together with the resuspension of road dust, are unregulated and exceed exhaust emissions in many jurisdictions. While knowledge of the sources of nonexhaust particles is fairly good, source-specific measurements of airborne concentrations are few, and studies of the toxicology and epidemiology do not give a clear picture of the health risk posed. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge, with a strong focus on health-related research, highlighting areas where further research is an essential prerequisite for developing focused policy responses to nonexhaust particles.
监管标准的实施大大减少了发达世界道路交通的颗粒物排放。然而，来自刹车、轮胎和路面磨损的非排放颗粒排放，以及道路灰尘的再悬浮，是不受监管的，在许多司法管辖区超过了排放。虽然对非排放颗粒的来源有相当好的了解，但对空气传播浓度的特定来源测量很少，而且毒理学和流行病学的研究并没有清楚地说明所构成的健康风险。本文综述了当前的知识状况，重点关注与健康相关的研究，强调了进一步研究是制定针对非排放颗粒的有针对性政策应对措施的必要前提的领域。
