College of Forestry and Grassland, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China.
State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 13;23(10):5433. doi: 10.3390/ijms23105433.
Flowers are imperative reproductive organs and play a key role in the propagation of offspring, along with the generation of several metabolic products in flowering plants. In , the number and development of flowers directly affect the fruit yield and subsequently its commercial value. However, owing to the lack of genetic information, there are few studies on the reproductive biology of , and the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying the development of female and male inflorescence remain unclear. In this study, phytohormones and transcriptomic sequencing analyses at the three stages of female and male inflorescence growth were performed to understand the regulatory functions underlying flower development. Gibberellin is the most dominant phytohormone that regulates flower development. In total, 14,579 and 7188 differentially expressed genes were identified after analyzing the development of male and female flowers, respectively, wherein, 3241 were commonly expressed. Enrichment analysis for significantly enriched pathways suggested the roles of MAPK signaling, phytohormone signal transduction, and sugar metabolism. Genes involved in floral organ transition and flowering were obtained and analyzed; these mainly belonged to the M-type MADS-box gene family. Three flowering-related genes (/, , and ) strongly interacted with transcription factors in the co-expression network. Two key genes ( and ) were identified in the photoperiod pathway. We also identified two genes, one gene, and five genes (, , , , and ) that contributed to flower development. The findings are expected to provide a genetic basis for the studies on the regulatory networks and reproductive biology in inflorescence development for .
花是植物必不可少的生殖器官，在植物的繁殖和代谢产物的产生中起着关键作用。在作物中，花的数量和发育直接影响果实的产量，进而影响其商业价值。然而，由于缺乏遗传信息，对 的生殖生物学研究很少，花的雌、雄花序发育的分子调控机制尚不清楚。本研究通过对雌、雄花序生长的三个阶段进行激素和转录组测序分析，以了解花发育的调控功能。赤霉素是调控花发育的最主要激素。在分析雌雄花发育时，分别鉴定出 14579 个和 7188 个差异表达基因，其中有 3241 个基因共同表达。显著富集途径的富集分析表明，MAPK 信号、植物激素信号转导和糖代谢途径发挥作用。获得并分析了参与花器官转变和开花的基因，这些基因主要属于 M 型 MADS-box 基因家族。三个与开花相关的基因（/、/和/）在共表达网络中与转录因子强烈相互作用。两个关键的光周期途径基因（/和/）被鉴定出来。我们还鉴定了两个 基因、一个 基因和五个 基因（、、、、和），它们对花的发育有贡献。这些发现有望为 的调控网络和生殖生物学研究提供遗传基础。
