Szczęsny Grzegorz, Kopec Mateusz, Politis Denis J, Kowalewski Zbigniew L, Łazarski Adam, Szolc Tomasz
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Medical University, 4 Lindleya Str., 02-005 Warsaw, Poland.
Institute of Fundamental Technological Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5B Pawińskiego Str., 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.
Materials (Basel). 2022 May 18;15(10):3622. doi: 10.3390/ma15103622.
The principal features essential for the success of an orthopaedic implant are its shape, dimensional accuracy, and adequate mechanical properties. Unlike other manufactured products, chemical stability and toxicity are of increased importance due to the need for biocompatibility over an implants life which could span several years. Thus, the combination of mechanical and biological properties determines the clinical usefulness of biomaterials in orthopaedic and musculoskeletal trauma surgery. Materials commonly used for these applications include stainless steel, cobalt-chromium and titanium alloys, ceramics, polyethylene, and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement. This study reviews the properties of commonly used materials and the advantages and disadvantages of each, with special emphasis on the sensitivity, toxicity, irritancy, and possible mutagenic and teratogenic capabilities. In addition, the production and final finishing processes of implants are discussed. Finally, potential directions for future implant development are discussed, with an emphasis on developing advanced personalised implants, according to a patient's stature and physical requirements.
骨科植入物成功的主要关键特性包括其形状、尺寸精度和足够的机械性能。与其他制成品不同，由于植入物的使用寿命可能长达数年，需要具备生物相容性，因此化学稳定性和毒性变得更加重要。因此，机械性能和生物性能的结合决定了生物材料在骨科和肌肉骨骼创伤手术中的临床实用性。常用于这些应用的材料包括不锈钢、钴铬合金和钛合金、陶瓷、聚乙烯以及聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）骨水泥。本研究回顾了常用材料的性能以及每种材料的优缺点，特别强调了其敏感性、毒性、刺激性以及可能的致突变和致畸能力。此外，还讨论了植入物的生产和最终加工工艺。最后，讨论了未来植入物发展的潜在方向，重点是根据患者的身材和身体需求开发先进的个性化植入物。
