Musculoskeletal Research Group and Tumor Biology, Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, 80336 Munich, Germany.
Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, India.
Nutrients. 2022 May 12;14(10):2030. doi: 10.3390/nu14102030.
Tendinitis (tendinopathy) is a pro-inflammatory and painful tendon disease commonly linked with mechanical overuse and associated injuries, drug abuse, and lifestyle factors (including poor diet and physical inactivity) that causes significant healthcare expenditures due to its high incidence. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is one of the major pro-inflammatory transcription factors, along with other inflammation signaling pathways, triggered by a variety of stimuli, including cytokines, endotoxins, physical and chemical stressors, hypoxia, and other pro-inflammatory factors. Their activation is known to regulate the expression of a multitude of genes involved in inflammation, degradation, and cell death. The pathogenesis of tendinitis is still poorly understood, whereas efficient and sustainable treatment is missing. Targeting drug suppression of the key inflammatory regulators represents an effective strategy for tendinitis therapy, but requires a comprehensive understanding of their principles of action. Conventional monotherapies are often ineffective and associated with severe side effects in patients. Therefore, agents that modulate multiple cellular targets represent therapeutic treatment potential. Plant-derived nutraceuticals have been shown to act as multi-targeting agents against tendinitis via various anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms, whereat they were able to specifically modulate numerous signaling pathways, including NF-κB, p38/MAPK, JNK/STAT3, and PI3K/Akt, thus down-regulating inflammatory processes. This review discusses the utility of herbal nutraceuticals that have demonstrated safety and tolerability as anti-inflammatory agents for the prevention and treatment of tendinitis through the suppression of catabolic signaling pathways. Limitations associated with the use of nutraceuticals are also described.
肌腱炎（肌腱病）是一种炎症性和疼痛性的肌腱疾病，通常与机械性过度使用和相关损伤、药物滥用以及生活方式因素（包括不良饮食和缺乏身体活动）有关，由于其高发率，导致了大量的医疗保健支出。核因子 kappa B（NF-κB）是主要的促炎转录因子之一，与其他炎症信号通路一起，由多种刺激物触发，包括细胞因子、内毒素、物理和化学应激源、缺氧和其他促炎因子。已知它们的激活调节参与炎症、降解和细胞死亡的多种基因的表达。肌腱炎的发病机制仍不清楚，而有效的和可持续的治疗方法却缺失。靶向药物抑制关键炎症调节剂代表了肌腱炎治疗的有效策略，但需要全面了解它们的作用原理。传统的单一疗法通常无效，并与患者的严重副作用相关。因此，调节多个细胞靶点的药物代表了治疗的潜力。植物源性营养保健品已被证明通过各种抗氧化和抗炎机制作为针对肌腱炎的多靶点药物，在那里它们能够特异性调节许多信号通路，包括 NF-κB、p38/MAPK、JNK/STAT3 和 PI3K/Akt，从而下调炎症过程。本文讨论了通过抑制分解代谢信号通路，具有安全性和耐受性的草药营养保健品作为抗炎剂用于预防和治疗肌腱炎的效用。还描述了与营养保健品使用相关的局限性。
