Yan Jiarong, Yang Hongye, Luo Ting, Hua Fang, He Hong
The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022 May 13;10:853436. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.853436. eCollection 2022.
Enamel demineralization, as a type of frequently-occurring dental problem that affects both the health and aesthetics of patients, is a concern for both dental professionals and patients. The main chemical composition of the enamel, hydroxyapatite, is easy to be dissolved under acid attack, resulting in the occurrence of enamel demineralization. Among agents for the preventing or treatment of enamel demineralization, amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) has gradually become a focus of research. Based on the nonclassical crystallization theory, ACP can induce the formation of enamel-like hydroxyapatite and thereby achieve enamel remineralization. However, ACP has poor stability and tends to turn into hydroxyapatite in an aqueous solution resulting in the loss of remineralization ability. Therefore, ACP needs to be stabilized in an amorphous state before application. Herein, ACP stabilizers, including amelogenin and its analogs, casein phosphopeptides, polymers like chitosan derivatives, carboxymethylated PAMAM and polyelectrolytes, together with their mechanisms for stabilizing ACP are briefly reviewed. Scientific evidence supporting the remineralization ability of these ACP agents are introduced. Limitations of existing research and further prospects of ACP agents for clinical translation are also discussed.
牙釉质脱矿作为一种常见的牙齿问题，影响患者的健康和美观，受到牙科专业人员和患者的关注。牙釉质的主要化学成分羟基磷灰石在酸的侵蚀下容易溶解，导致牙釉质脱矿的发生。在预防或治疗牙釉质脱矿的制剂中，无定形磷酸钙（ACP）逐渐成为研究热点。基于非经典结晶理论，ACP可诱导类牙釉质羟基磷灰石的形成，从而实现牙釉质再矿化。然而，ACP稳定性差，在水溶液中易转变为羟基磷灰石，导致再矿化能力丧失。因此，在应用前需要将ACP稳定在无定形状态。本文简要综述了ACP稳定剂，包括釉原蛋白及其类似物、酪蛋白磷酸肽、壳聚糖衍生物、羧甲基化聚酰胺-胺型树枝状大分子和聚电解质等聚合物，以及它们稳定ACP的机制。介绍了支持这些ACP制剂再矿化能力的科学证据。还讨论了现有研究的局限性以及ACP制剂临床转化的进一步前景。
