Ekezie Winifred
Diabetes Research Centre, College of Life Sciences, Leicester General Hospital, University of Leicester, Gwendolen Road, Leicester LE54PW, UK.
Health and Internal Displacement Network (HIDN).
J Migr Health. 2022 May 27;6:100115. doi: 10.1016/j.jmh.2022.100115. eCollection 2022.
There are about 55 million Internally Displaced Persons (IDP), and some live in camp settlements, often for protracted periods. However, there is limited evidence on camp management and self-management strategies adopted by camp-dwelling IDPs. This paper reflects on the camp management and health resilience strategies practised by IDPs settled in camp-like settings, based on the first strategic objective of the International Organisation for Migration (IOM) Progressive Resolution of Displacement Situations (PRDS).
Eight focus group discussions were conducted with 49 IDP camp leaders across eight camp-like settings in Northern Nigeria. Issues explored included community structure, leadership, public interaction, communication, and health management. Data were analysed using a framework approach under five factors related to the IOM PRDS first objective.
IDPs exhibited resilience by adapting to their current locations, establishing internal camp and health management structures, and advocating with external organisations. Supportive communal relationships were an integral element in their adaptation. Methods of resilience involved social cohesion, setting up camp leadership committees, and seeking alternative means of income, protection, and healthcare management. Additionally, selecting representatives who could advocate for their well-being allowed them to request support and exercise their rights.
Despite resource shortages, the IDPs adapted by setting up techniques for managing their affairs and available resources, finding innovative ways to cater for themselves, advocating for their needs, and supporting each other. These observations showed how displaced populations can be active actors in their change and development if basic and essential management support is provided. Engaging IDPs in camp management could reduce long-term dependency on humanitarian aid.
全球约有5500万境内流离失所者，其中一些人长期居住在营地定居点。然而，关于营地管理以及居住在营地的境内流离失所者所采取的自我管理策略的证据有限。本文基于国际移民组织（IOM）逐步解决流离失所问题战略（PRDS）的首要战略目标，探讨了居住在类似营地环境中的境内流离失所者所实行的营地管理和健康恢复力策略。
在尼日利亚北部八个类似营地的环境中，与49名境内流离失所者营地领导人进行了八次焦点小组讨论。探讨的问题包括社区结构、领导力、公共互动、沟通和健康管理。采用与国际移民组织PRDS首要目标相关的五个因素框架分析法对数据进行分析。
境内流离失所者通过适应当前环境、建立营地内部管理和健康管理结构以及与外部组织进行倡导来展现恢复力。支持性的社区关系是他们适应过程中不可或缺的要素。恢复力的方法包括社会凝聚力、设立营地领导委员会以及寻求收入、保护和医疗管理的替代手段。此外，选出能够为他们的福祉进行倡导的代表，使他们能够请求支持并行使自己的权利。
尽管资源短缺，境内流离失所者通过建立管理自身事务和可用资源的技术、找到自我照顾的创新方法、倡导自身需求并相互支持来实现适应。这些观察结果表明，如果提供基本和必要的管理支持，流离失所人口如何能够成为自身变革和发展的积极参与者。让境内流离失所者参与营地管理可以减少对人道主义援助的长期依赖。
