El-Hasan Abbas, Walker Frank, Klaiber Iris, Schöne Jochen, Pfannstiel Jens, Voegele Ralf T
Department of Phytopathology, Institute of Phytomedicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Str. 5, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
Central Chemical-Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Phytomedicine, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Hohenheim, Otto-Sander-Str. 5, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
Metabolites. 2022 Jun 1;12(6):507. doi: 10.3390/metabo12060507.
Attempts have been made to determine the and suppressive potential of particular strains (T16 and T23) and their secondary metabolites (SMs) against Asian soybean rust (ASR) incited by . Aside from the previously identified SMs 6-pentyl-α-pyrone (6PAP) and viridiofungin A (VFA), the chemical structures of harzianic acid (HA), iso-harzianic acid (iso-HA), and harzianolide (HZL) were characterized in this study. Our results indicate that exposure of urediospores to 200 ppm 6PAP completely inhibits germination. A slightly higher dosage (250 ppm) of HZL and VFA reduces germination by 53.7% and 44%, respectively. Germ tube elongation seems more sensitive to 6PAP than urediospore germination. On detached leaves, application of conidia of T16 and T23 results in 81.4% and 74.3% protection, respectively. Likewise, 200 ppm 6PAP recorded the highest ASR suppression (98%), followed by HZL (78%) and HA (69%). Treatment of undetached leaves with 6PAP, HA, or HZL reduces ASR severity by 84.2%, 65.8%, and 50.4%, respectively. Disease reduction on the next, untreated trifoliate by T23 (53%), T16 (41%), HZL (42%), and 6PAP (32%) suggests a translocation or systemic activity of the SMs and their producers. To our knowledge, this study provides the first proof for controlling ASR using antifungal SMs of . Our findings strongly recommend the integration of these innovative metabolites, particularly 6PAP and/or their producers in ASR management strategies.
人们已尝试确定特定木霉菌株（T16和T23）及其次级代谢产物（SMs）对由[病原菌名称未给出]引起的亚洲大豆锈病（ASR）的抑制潜力。除了先前鉴定出的次级代谢产物6-戊基-α-吡喃酮（6PAP）和绿木霉素A（VFA）外，本研究还对哈茨酸（HA）、异哈茨酸（iso-HA）和哈茨内酯（HZL）的化学结构进行了表征。我们的结果表明，将夏孢子暴露于200 ppm的6PAP中可完全抑制其萌发。HZL和VFA稍高剂量（250 ppm）分别使萌发率降低53.7%和44%。芽管伸长似乎比夏孢子萌发对6PAP更敏感。在离体叶片上，施用T16和T23的分生孢子分别提供了81.4%和74.3%的保护率。同样，200 ppm的6PAP对ASR的抑制效果最佳（98%），其次是HZL（78%）和HA（69%）。用6PAP、HA或HZL处理未离体叶片可使ASR严重程度分别降低84.2%、65.8%和50.4%。T23（53%）、T16（41%）、HZL（42%）和6PAP（32%）对下一片未处理三出复叶上病害的减轻表明这些次级代谢产物及其产生菌具有转运或系统活性。据我们所知，本研究首次提供了利用木霉菌抗真菌次级代谢产物防治ASR的证据。我们的研究结果强烈建议将这些创新代谢产物，特别是6PAP和/或其产生菌纳入ASR管理策略中。
