Yang Xin, Fu Mingzhe, Yu Zhengqing, Wang Junwei, Song Junke, Zhao Guanghui
College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Xianyang 712100, China.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Jun 17;12(12):1566. doi: 10.3390/ani12121566.
Anaplasma spp. are important tick-borne pathogens endangering the health of humans and various animals. Although several studies have reported Anaplasma infection in livestock in China, little is known about the impact of production categories on the occurrence of Anaplasma species. In the present study, PCR tools targeting the 16S rRNA and msp4 genes were applied to investigate the prevalence of Anaplasma spp. in 509 blood samples of dairy (n = 249), cashmere (n = 139), and meat (n = 121) goats from Shaanxi province. The prevalence of Anaplasma spp. was 58.5% (298/509) in goats, and significant differences (p < 0.001) were identified in the prevalence among production categories, with the highest in meat goats (84.3%, 102/121), followed by cashmere goats (58.3%, 81/139) and dairy goats (46.2%, 115/249). Significant differences (p < 0.001) in prevalence were also found among sampling sites and age groups. Meanwhile, the prevalence was 36.9% (188/509) for A. phagocytophilum, 36.1% (184/509) for A. bovis, and 11.0% (56/509) for A. ovis, and significant differences (p < 0.001) in prevalence of A. phagocytophilum, A. bovis and A. ovis were recognized among production categories and sampling sites. A. phagocytophilum, A. bovis and A. ovis were dominant species in meat, dairy, and cashmere goats, respectively, and A. ovis was absent in meat goats. Co-infections were found in 124 (24.4%) investigated samples. Goats aged < 2, 3−6, and 7−12 months, and goats from Qingjian and Zhenba were risk factors associated with the occurrence of Anaplasma. Phylogenetic analysis indicated separate clades for the distribution of A. phagocytophilum from different ruminant, reflecting potential host adaption within this species. This study reported the colonization occurrence of Anaplasma spp. among production categories in goats in Shaanxi province and enriched our knowledge on the transmission of Anaplasma spp. in goats in China. Considering the existence of zoonotic A. phagocytophilum in goats in this study and previous reports, interventions based on One Health are needed to be developed to control the transmission of Anaplasma spp. between humans and animals.
无形体属是重要的蜱传病原体，危害人类和各种动物的健康。尽管已有多项研究报道了中国家畜感染无形体的情况，但关于生产类别对无形体物种发生的影响却知之甚少。在本研究中，应用针对16S rRNA和msp4基因的PCR工具，调查了陕西省509份奶山羊（n = 249）、绒山羊（n = 139）和肉用山羊（n = 121）血液样本中无形体属的流行情况。山羊中无形体属的流行率为58.5%（298/509），不同生产类别之间的流行率存在显著差异（p < 0.001），其中肉用山羊最高（84.3%，102/121），其次是绒山羊（58.3%，81/139）和奶山羊（46.2%，115/249）。在采样地点和年龄组之间也发现了流行率的显著差异（p < 0.001）。同时，嗜吞噬细胞无形体的流行率为36.9%（188/509），牛无形体为36.1%（184/509），绵羊无形体为11.0%（56/509），嗜吞噬细胞无形体、牛无形体和绵羊无形体在生产类别和采样地点之间的流行率存在显著差异（p < 0.001）。嗜吞噬细胞无形体、牛无形体和绵羊无形体分别是肉用山羊、奶山羊和绒山羊中的优势物种，肉用山羊中未发现绵羊无形体。在124份（24.4%）调查样本中发现了混合感染。年龄小于2个月、3 - 6个月和7 - 12个月的山羊，以及来自清涧和镇巴的山羊是与无形体发生相关的危险因素。系统发育分析表明，嗜吞噬细胞无形体在不同反刍动物中的分布形成了单独的进化枝，反映了该物种内潜在的宿主适应性。本研究报道了陕西省山羊不同生产类别中无形体属的定植情况，并丰富了我们对中国山羊无形体属传播的认识。考虑到本研究及以往报道中山羊体内存在人兽共患的嗜吞噬细胞无形体，需要基于“同一健康”理念制定干预措施，以控制无形体属在人和动物之间的传播。
