Jacob Sarah, Kapadia Ronak, Soule Tyler, Luo Honglin, Schellenberg Kerri L, Douville Renée N, Pfeffer Gerald
Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
Centre for Heart and Lung Innovation, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Front Neurol. 2022 Jun 24;13:914411. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2022.914411. eCollection 2022.
In this article we review complications to the peripheral nervous system that occur as a consequence of viral infections, with a special focus on complications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). We discuss neuromuscular complications in three broad categories; the direct consequences of viral infection, autoimmune neuromuscular disorders provoked by viral infections, and chronic neurodegenerative conditions which have been associated with viral infections. We also include discussion of neuromuscular disorders that are treated by immunomodulatory therapies, and how this affects patient susceptibility in the current context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 is associated with direct consequences to the peripheral nervous system via presumed direct viral injury (dysgeusia/anosmia, myalgias/rhabdomyolysis, and potentially mononeuritis multiplex) and autoimmunity (Guillain Barré syndrome and variants). It has important implications for people receiving immunomodulatory therapies who may be at greater risk of severe outcomes from COVID-19. Thus far, chronic post-COVID syndromes (a.k.a: long COVID) also include possible involvement of the neuromuscular system. Whether we may observe neuromuscular degenerative conditions in the longer term will be an important question to monitor in future studies.
在本文中，我们回顾了由病毒感染引起的周围神经系统并发症，特别关注严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）的并发症。我们从三大类讨论神经肌肉并发症：病毒感染的直接后果、病毒感染引发的自身免疫性神经肌肉疾病以及与病毒感染相关的慢性神经退行性疾病。我们还讨论了通过免疫调节疗法治疗的神经肌肉疾病，以及在2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行的当前背景下，这如何影响患者的易感性。COVID-19通过推测的直接病毒损伤（味觉障碍/嗅觉丧失、肌痛/横纹肌溶解以及可能的多发性单神经炎）和自身免疫（格林-巴利综合征及其变体）对周围神经系统产生直接影响。这对接受免疫调节疗法的人具有重要意义，他们可能因COVID-19而面临更严重后果的风险更高。到目前为止，慢性COVID后综合征（又称：长期COVID）也可能累及神经肌肉系统。从长远来看，我们是否会观察到神经肌肉退行性疾病将是未来研究中需要监测的一个重要问题。
