Hadidy S, Shammaa M Z, Kharma A
Int Urol Nephrol. 1987;19(1):3-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02549671.
A group of 28 Syrian children (19 males and 9 females; age ranging from 2.5 to 12 years) were diagnosed clinically and radiologically to have upper urinary tract stones. The commonest presentations were renal colic, vomiting, haematuria, pyrexia and vague abdominal pain. Family history of renal stones was present in 21% of cases. Haematological picture and chemical analysis of blood were within the normal limits for their age and sex. Urine analysis, however, showed significantly marked increase in the 24-hour excretions of calcium and uric acid. Microscopic examination showed haematuria and pyuria in 72% of the children with urolithiasis. Chemical analysis of removed stones revealed that most of them were mixed stones of calcium oxalate and urate or/and phosphate. Pure stones of calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate were less common. Radiologically, about 95% of all stones were demonstrated by plain X-ray, while 5% only after IVP.
一组28名叙利亚儿童（19名男性和9名女性；年龄在2.5至12岁之间）经临床和放射学诊断患有上尿路结石。最常见的症状是肾绞痛、呕吐、血尿、发热和模糊的腹痛。21%的病例有肾结石家族史。血液学检查和血液化学分析结果在其年龄和性别的正常范围内。然而，尿液分析显示，24小时钙和尿酸排泄量显著增加。显微镜检查显示，72%的尿路结石患儿有血尿和脓尿。对取出结石的化学分析表明，大多数结石是草酸钙和尿酸盐或/和磷酸盐的混合结石。纯草酸钙或磷酸钙结石较少见。放射学检查显示，约95%的结石可通过腹部平片显示，而仅5%的结石需要静脉肾盂造影（IVP）后才能显示。
