Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Sep;140:104780. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104780. Epub 2022 Jul 14.
The prevalence of internalizing disorders, i.e., anxiety and depressive disorders, spikes in adolescence and has been increasing amongst adolescents despite the existence of evidence-based treatments, highlighting the need for advancing theories on how internalizing disorders emerge. The current review presents a theoretical model, called the Sleep to Internalizing Pathway in Young Adolescents (SIPYA) Model, to explain how risk factors, namely sleep-related problems (SRPs), are prospectively associated with internalizing disorders in adolescence. Specifically, SRPs during late childhood and early adolescence, around the initiation of pubertal development, contribute to the interruption of intrinsic brain networks dynamics, both within the default mode network and between the default mode network and other networks in the brain. This interruption leaves adolescents vulnerable to repetitive negative thought, such as worry or rumination, which then increases vulnerability to internalizing symptoms and disorders later in adolescence. Sleep-related behaviors are observable, modifiable, low-stigma, and beneficial beyond treating internalizing psychopathology, highlighting the intervention potential associated with understanding the neurodevelopmental impact of SRPs around the transition to adolescence. This review details support for the SIPYA Model, as well as gaps in the literature and future directions.
内化障碍（即焦虑和抑郁障碍）的患病率在青春期急剧上升，尽管存在基于证据的治疗方法，但在青少年中的发病率仍在上升，这凸显了需要推进关于内化障碍如何出现的理论。本综述提出了一个理论模型，称为青少年内化障碍的睡眠途径（SIPYA）模型，用于解释风险因素，即与睡眠相关的问题（SRPs）如何与青春期的内化障碍有前瞻性关联。具体来说，儿童晚期和青春期早期，即青春期发育开始时的睡眠相关问题，会导致内在大脑网络动态的中断，包括默认模式网络内以及默认模式网络与大脑中其他网络之间的中断。这种中断使青少年容易受到重复的消极思维的影响，如担忧或沉思，从而增加了在青春期后期患内化症状和障碍的脆弱性。与治疗内化心理病理学相比，睡眠相关行为具有可观察性、可修改性、低污名性和益处，突出了与理解青春期过渡期间与 SRPs 相关的神经发育影响相关的干预潜力。本综述详细介绍了对 SIPYA 模型的支持，以及文献中的差距和未来的方向。
