Manzano Aránzazu, Carnero-Diaz Eugénie, Herranz Raúl, Medina F Javier
PCNPμG Lab (Plant Cell Nucleolus, Proliferation and Microgravity), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas - CSIC, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Institut Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Sorbonne Université, CNRS, EPHE, UA, Paris, 75005, France.
iScience. 2022 Jun 30;25(8):104687. doi: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104687. eCollection 2022 Aug 19.
Discovering the adaptation mechanisms of plants to the space environment is essential for supporting human space exploration. Transcriptomic analyses allow the identification of adaptation response pathways by detecting changes in gene expression at the global genome level caused by the main factors of the space environment, namely altered gravity and cosmic radiation. This article reviews transcriptomic studies carried out from plants grown in spaceflights and in different ground-based microgravity simulators. Despite differences in plant growth conditions, these studies have shown that cell wall remodeling, oxidative stress, defense response, and photosynthesis are common altered processes in plants grown under spaceflight conditions. European scientists have significantly contributed to the acquisition of this knowledge, e.g., by showing the role of red light in the adaptation response of plants (EMCS experiments) and the mechanisms of cellular response and adaptation mostly affecting cell cycle regulation, using cell cultures in microgravity simulators.
发现植物对太空环境的适应机制对于支持人类太空探索至关重要。转录组分析能够通过检测太空环境主要因素（即改变的重力和宇宙辐射）在全基因组水平上引起的基因表达变化，来识别适应反应途径。本文综述了对在太空飞行以及不同地面微重力模拟器中生长的植物所进行的转录组研究。尽管植物生长条件存在差异，但这些研究表明，细胞壁重塑、氧化应激、防御反应和光合作用是在太空飞行条件下生长的植物中常见的变化过程。欧洲科学家对这些知识的获取做出了重大贡献，例如，通过展示红光在植物适应反应中的作用（欧洲模块化培养系统实验），以及利用微重力模拟器中的细胞培养，揭示了主要影响细胞周期调控的细胞反应和适应机制。
