Laboratory of Microbiology, Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants and Microorganisms, Saratov Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 13 Prospekt Entuziastov, 410049 Saratov, Russia.
Laboratory of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 664033 Irkutsk, Russia.
Molecules. 2022 Jul 11;27(14):4438. doi: 10.3390/molecules27144438.
Multicomponent materials, where nanosized selenium (Se) is dispersed in polymer matrices, present as polymer nanocomposites (NCs), namely, selenium polymer nanocomposites (SeNCs). Selenium as an inorganic nanofiller in NCs has been extensively studied for its biological activity. More ecologically safe and beneficial approaches to obtain Se-based products are the current challenge. Biopolymers have attained great attention with perspective multifunctional and high-performance NCs exhibiting low environmental impact with unique properties, being abundantly available, renewable, and eco-friendly. Composites based on polysaccharides, including beta-glucans from edible and medicinal mushrooms, are bioactive, biocompatible, biodegradable, and have exhibited innovative potential. We synthesized SeNCs on the basis of the extracellular polysaccharides of several medicinal mushrooms. The influence of bio-composites from mushrooms on potato plant growth and tuber germination were studied in two potato cultivars: Lukyanovsky and Lugovskoi. Bio-composites based on demonstrated the strongest positive effect on the number of leaves and plant height in both cultivars, without negative effect on biomass of the vegetative part. Treatment of the potato tubers with SeNC from also significantly increased germ length. Potato plants exposed to Se-bio-composite from SIE1303 experienced an increase in the potato vegetative biomass by up to 55% versus the control. We found earlier that this bio-composite was the most efficient against biofilm formation by the potato ring rot causative agent . Bio-composites based on promoted increase in the potato root biomass in the Lugovskoi cultivar by up to 79% versus the control. The phytostimulating ability of mushroom-based Se-containing bio-composites, together with their anti-phytopathogenic activity, testifies in favor of the bifunctional mode of action of these Se-biopreparations. The application of stimulatory green SeNCs for growth enhancement could be used to increase crop yield. Thus, by combining myco-nanotechnology with the intrinsic biological activity of selenium, an unexpectedly efficient tool for possible applications of SeNCs could be identified.
多组分材料中，纳米硒（Se）分散在聚合物基质中，形成聚合物纳米复合材料（NCs），即硒聚合物纳米复合材料（SeNCs）。NCs 中的无机纳米填料硒因其生物活性而得到广泛研究。获得基于硒的产品的更生态安全和有益的方法是当前的挑战。生物聚合物因其多功能性和高性能 NCs 的低环境影响而备受关注，这些 NCs 具有独特的性质，且丰富、可再生、环保。基于多糖的复合材料，包括食用和药用蘑菇中的β-葡聚糖，具有生物活性、生物相容性、可生物降解性，并表现出创新潜力。我们基于几种药用蘑菇的胞外多糖合成了 SeNCs。研究了蘑菇生物复合材料对两个马铃薯品种（Lukyanovsky 和 Lugovskoi）生长和块茎发芽的影响。在两个品种中，均证明基于 的生物复合材料对叶片数量和株高的影响最强，对营养部分生物量没有负面影响。用 合成的 SeNC 处理马铃薯块茎也显著增加了芽的长度。与对照相比，暴露于 生物复合材料的马铃薯植株的地上部分生物量增加了 55%。我们之前发现，这种生物复合材料对马铃薯环腐病病原菌生物膜形成的抑制效果最强。基于 的生物复合材料促进了 Lugovskoi 品种马铃薯根系生物量的增加，与对照相比增加了 79%。基于蘑菇的含硒生物复合材料的植物刺激能力及其抗植物病原活性，证明了这些 Se 生物制剂的双功能作用模式。应用刺激生长的绿色 SeNC 来提高作物产量，可以增加作物的产量。因此，通过将真菌纳米技术与硒的固有生物活性相结合，可能会发现一种具有潜在应用前景的高效 SeNCs 工具。
