University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany; Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Berlin, Germany.
Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Geriatrics and Medical Gerontology, Berlin, Germany; Evangelisches Geriatriezentrum Berlin gGmbH, Berlin, Germany.
Maturitas. 2022 Nov;165:47-51. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.07.003. Epub 2022 Jul 22.
Western-style obesity-promoting diets are associated with increased inflammation, higher disease incidence and mortality. In contrast, plant-based diets (PBDs), which incorporate large amounts of vegetables and fruit, legumes, whole grains and only a small amount of meat, are generally associated with better health and lower mortality. This narrative review summarizes the evidence on health and life span in adults adhering to PBDs and discusses the potentially longevity-promoting mechanism of PBDs as well as limitations due to nutrient deficiencies. Epidemiologic studies consistently report lower mortality rates in adults who adhering to PBDs when compared with people whose diet regularly includes meat. PBDs are associated with many health benefits, such as improved metabolic and inflammatory profile. In turn, the incidence of cardiovascular disease is lower in adults consuming PBDs, which contributes to their better health. The health-promoting effects of PBDs are still not entirely clear but most likely multifactorial and include modulation of the gut microbiome. The interest in possible longevity-promoting mechanisms of PBDs has increased in recent years, as many characteristics of PBDs such as protein restriction and restriction of certain amino acids are known to extend the life span. While there is ample evidence from animal studies, large-scale human studies, which also provide insight into the specific mechanisms of the effect of PBDs on longevity, are missing. However, due to the lower protein content of PBDs, there appears to be an age limit for the anticipated health effects, as adults over 65 require larger amounts of protein.
西式肥胖促进饮食与炎症增加、更高的疾病发病率和死亡率有关。相比之下，植物性饮食（PBD），其中包含大量的蔬菜和水果、豆类、全谷物和少量的肉，通常与更好的健康和更低的死亡率相关。本综述总结了关于坚持 PBD 的成年人的健康和寿命的证据，并讨论了 PBD 促进长寿的潜在机制以及由于营养缺乏而产生的局限性。流行病学研究一致报告，与经常吃肉的人相比，坚持 PBD 的成年人的死亡率较低。PBD 与许多健康益处相关，如改善代谢和炎症特征。反过来，食用 PBD 的成年人患心血管疾病的发病率较低，这有助于他们保持健康。PBD 的健康促进作用尚不完全清楚，但很可能是多因素的，包括调节肠道微生物组。近年来，人们对 PBD 可能促进长寿的机制的兴趣增加了，因为 PBD 的许多特征，如蛋白质限制和某些氨基酸的限制，已知可以延长寿命。虽然动物研究有充分的证据，但缺乏大规模的人类研究，这些研究也能深入了解 PBD 对长寿影响的具体机制。然而，由于 PBD 的蛋白质含量较低，预计对健康的影响似乎有一个年龄限制，因为 65 岁以上的成年人需要更多的蛋白质。
