Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
Eye Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IR Iran.
Arch Iran Med. 2022 Apr 1;25(4):209-213. doi: 10.34172/aim.2022.36.
Retinopathy of prematurity (RoP) is a cause of newborn blindness. Several predisposing factors have been reported to contribute to the disease process. The current study aimed to compare serum vitamin D levels in infants with and without RoP.
This case-control study was conducted on 154 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants admitted to Ghaem hospital, Mashhad, Iran, during 2016-2019. Retinal examination for RoP was done at the 32nd week of pregnancy and vitamin D level was determined using the infants' first-day serum samples. A researcher-made questionnaire including maternal, infant, laboratory, and retinal examination information was used as the data collection tool.
Out of 154 infants in the study, 56 (36.4%) were normal while 98 (63.6%) had RoP. Based on the severity of retinopathy, 43 infants (43.9%) were at stage I, 48 (49%) at stage II, and 7 (7.1%) at stage III. Significant differences in neonatal (<0.001) and maternal (=0.015) vitamin D levels, first and fifth minute Apgar scores (=0.034 and =0.001, respectively), and weight (=0.014) were found between the infants with and without RoP.
The incidence of RoP was higher in infants with lower gestational age, lower birth weight, low first and fifth minutes Apgar scores, and male sex. Low serum levels of vitamin D in premature infants and their mothers were associated with incidence of RoP. The higher the stage of RoP, the greater was the severity of vitamin D deficiency. Thus, controlling the maternal vitamin D level during pregnancy, consumption of vitamin D supplements, and investigation of serum vitamin D levels in premature infants are recommended. Early correction of vitamin D deficiency may lead to reduction of RoP.
早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）是导致新生儿失明的原因之一。有报道称，多种潜在因素可导致疾病发生。本研究旨在比较ROP 患儿与非 ROP 患儿的血清维生素 D 水平。
本病例对照研究于 2016 年至 2019 年在伊朗马什哈德的 Ghaem 医院进行，共纳入 154 名极低出生体重（VLBW）婴儿。在妊娠第 32 周对婴儿进行视网膜检查，并采用婴儿出生第 1 天的血清样本检测维生素 D 水平。使用自制问卷收集包括母亲、婴儿、实验室和视网膜检查信息在内的数据。
在 154 名婴儿中，56 名（36.4%）正常，98 名（63.6%）患有 ROP。根据视网膜病变的严重程度，43 名婴儿（43.9%）处于 1 期，48 名（49%）处于 2 期，7 名（7.1%）处于 3 期。ROP 患儿的新生儿（<0.001）和母亲（=0.015）维生素 D 水平、第 1 分钟和第 5 分钟 Apgar 评分（=0.034 和=0.001）和体重（=0.014）差异有统计学意义。
ROP 发生率在胎龄较小、出生体重较低、第 1 分钟和第 5 分钟 Apgar 评分较低及男性婴儿中较高。早产儿及其母亲血清维生素 D 水平低与 ROP 发生率相关。ROP 分期越高，维生素 D 缺乏越严重。因此，建议在妊娠期间控制母亲的维生素 D 水平，服用维生素 D 补充剂，并检测早产儿的血清维生素 D 水平。早期纠正维生素 D 缺乏可能会降低 ROP 的发生率。
