Muñoz-Ibarra Eleonora, Molina-López Rafael A, Durán Inma, Garcias Biel, Martín Marga, Darwich Laila
Department Sanitat i Anatomia Animals, Veterinary Faculty, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
Catalan Wildlife Service, Centre de Fauna Salvatge de Torreferrussa, 08130 Santa Perpètua de Mogoda, Spain.
Animals (Basel). 2022 Jul 27;12(15):1912. doi: 10.3390/ani12151912.
Literature related to antimicrobial resistant (AMR) bacteria in exotic pets is minimal, being essential to report objective data on this topic, which represents a therapeutic challenge for veterinary medicine and public health. Between 2016 and 2020, laboratory records of 3156 exotic pet specimens' microbiological diagnoses and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) results were examined. The samples were classified into three animal classes: birds ( = 412), mammalia ( = 2399), and reptilian ( = 345). The most prevalent bacteria in birds and mammals were spp. (15% and 16%), while in reptiles they were spp. (23%). Pseudomonas was the genus with the highest levels of AMR in all animal groups, followed by spp. By contrast, Gram-positive cocci and spp. were the most sensitive bacteria. Moreover, in reptiles, spp., spp., and spp. presented high levels of AMR. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria were isolates from reptiles (21%), birds (17%), and mammals (15%). The Enterobacterales had the highest MDR levels: (94.4%), (50%), (47.4%), (46.6%), (44%), and (38.3%). The prevalence of MDR strains was 8%, detecting one isolate with an XDR profile. Regarding antimicrobial use, many antibiotics described as critically important for human use had significant AMR prevalence in bacteria isolated from exotic pets. Under the One-Health approach, these results are alarming and of public health concern since potential transmission of AMR bacteria and genes can occur from exotic pets to their owners in both senses. For this reason, the collaboration between veterinarians and public health professionals is crucial.
关于外来宠物中抗菌药物耐药（AMR）细菌的文献极少，因此报告该主题的客观数据至关重要，这对兽医学和公共卫生来说是一项治疗挑战。2016年至2020年期间，检查了3156份外来宠物标本的微生物诊断实验室记录和抗生素敏感性测试（AST）结果。样本分为三类动物：鸟类（=412）、哺乳动物（=2399）和爬行动物（=345）。鸟类和哺乳动物中最常见的细菌是葡萄球菌属（分别为15%和16%），而在爬行动物中是假单胞菌属（23%）。假单胞菌属是所有动物组中AMR水平最高的属，其次是葡萄球菌属。相比之下，革兰氏阳性球菌和肠杆菌属是最敏感的细菌。此外，在爬行动物中，不动杆菌属、肠球菌属和克雷伯菌属呈现出高水平的AMR。多重耐药（MDR）细菌分离自爬行动物（21%）、鸟类（17%）和哺乳动物（15%）。肠杆菌科的MDR水平最高：大肠埃希菌（94.4%）、肺炎克雷伯菌（50%）、阴沟肠杆菌（47.4%）、产气肠杆菌（46.6%）、弗劳地枸橼酸杆菌（44%）和摩根氏菌属（38.3%）。MDR鲍曼不动杆菌菌株的流行率为8%，检测到一株具有广泛耐药（XDR）特征的分离株。关于抗菌药物的使用，许多被描述为对人类使用至关重要的抗生素在从外来宠物分离的细菌中具有显著的AMR流行率。在“同一健康”方法下，这些结果令人担忧且关乎公共卫生，因为AMR细菌和基因有可能在两个方向上从外来宠物传播给它们的主人。因此，兽医和公共卫生专业人员之间的合作至关重要。
