Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy; Phoniatric Unit, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "Luigi Sacco", University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy.
Hum Immunol. 2022 Nov;83(11):755-767. doi: 10.1016/j.humimm.2022.08.004. Epub 2022 Aug 8.
In December 2019, a new single-stranded RNA coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, appeared in China and quickly spread around the world leading to a pandemic. Infection with SARS-CoV-2 generates symptoms ranging from asymptomatic to severe, occasionally requiring hospitalization in intensive care units, and, in more severe cases, leading to death. Scientists and researchers around the world have made a real race against time to develop various vaccines to slow down and stop the spread of the virus. In addition to conventional viral vector vaccines, new generation mRNA vaccines, BNT152b2 (Comirnaty) and mRNA-1273 (Spikevax), have been developed respectively by Pfizer/BioNTech and Moderna. These vaccines act on immune cells to induce an immune response with the production of specific antibodies against Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, and to stimulate the differentiation of T and B memory cells. The objective of this review is to provide a detailed picture of the validity of these new vaccines and the safety of vaccination. Not only was the immunogenic effect of mRNA vaccines evaluated, but also the psychosocial impact they had on the population. The data collected show that this type of vaccine can also be an excellent candidate for future treatment and eradication of possible new pathologies with viral and non-viral etiology.
2019 年 12 月，一种新型单链 RNA 冠状病毒 SARS-CoV-2 在中国出现，并迅速在全球范围内传播，导致大流行。感染 SARS-CoV-2 会引起从无症状到严重的症状，偶尔需要住院重症监护病房治疗，在更严重的情况下，会导致死亡。世界各地的科学家和研究人员一直在与时间赛跑，开发各种疫苗来减缓和阻止病毒的传播。除了传统的病毒载体疫苗外，辉瑞/生物技术公司和 Moderna 公司分别开发了新一代 mRNA 疫苗 BNT152b2（Comirnaty）和 mRNA-1273（Spikevax）。这些疫苗作用于免疫细胞，诱导针对 SARS-CoV-2 刺突蛋白的特异性抗体产生的免疫反应，并刺激 T 和 B 记忆细胞的分化。本综述的目的是详细描述这些新型疫苗的有效性和接种的安全性。不仅评估了 mRNA 疫苗的免疫原性效果，还评估了它们对人群的心理社会影响。收集的数据表明，这种类型的疫苗也可能成为未来治疗和消除可能具有病毒和非病毒病因的新疾病的极好候选者。
