Department of Food Science and Technology, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Korea.
Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Noida, A-10, Sector-62, Noida 201309, Uttar Pradesh, India.
Mar Drugs. 2022 Aug 18;20(8):527. doi: 10.3390/md20080527.
The increased interest in nanomedicine and its applicability for a wide range of biological functions demands the search for raw materials to create nanomaterials. Recent trends have focused on the use of green chemistry to synthesize metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles. Bioactive chemicals have been found in a variety of marine organisms, including invertebrates, marine mammals, fish, algae, plankton, fungi, and bacteria. These marine-derived active chemicals have been widely used for various biological properties. Marine-derived materials, either whole extracts or pure components, are employed in the synthesis of nanoparticles due to their ease of availability, low cost of production, biocompatibility, and low cytotoxicity toward eukaryotic cells. These marine-derived nanomaterials have been employed to treat infectious diseases caused by bacteria, fungi, and viruses as well as treat non-infectious diseases, such as tumors, cancer, inflammatory responses, and diabetes, and support wound healing. Furthermore, several polymeric materials derived from the marine, such as chitosan and alginate, are exploited as nanocarriers in drug delivery. Moreover, a variety of pure bioactive compounds have been loaded onto polymeric nanocarriers and employed to treat infectious and non-infectious diseases. The current review is focused on a thorough overview of nanoparticle synthesis and its biological applications made from their entire extracts or pure chemicals derived from marine sources.
纳米医学及其在广泛的生物功能中的应用的兴趣日益增加，这就要求寻找原材料来制造纳米材料。最近的趋势集中在利用绿色化学合成金属和金属氧化物纳米粒子。在各种海洋生物中，包括无脊椎动物、海洋哺乳动物、鱼类、藻类、浮游生物、真菌和细菌，都发现了具有生物活性的化学物质。这些源自海洋的活性化学物质由于其易于获得、生产成本低、生物相容性以及对真核细胞的低细胞毒性而被广泛用于各种生物特性。由于其易于获得、生产成本低、生物相容性以及对真核细胞的低细胞毒性，源自海洋的材料，无论是全提取物还是纯成分，都被用于纳米粒子的合成中。这些源自海洋的纳米材料已被用于治疗由细菌、真菌和病毒引起的传染病以及治疗非传染性疾病，如肿瘤、癌症、炎症反应和糖尿病，并支持伤口愈合。此外，几种源自海洋的聚合物材料，如壳聚糖和藻酸盐，被用作药物输送中的纳米载体。此外，各种纯生物活性化合物已被负载到聚合物纳米载体上，并用于治疗传染病和非传染性疾病。本综述重点介绍了源自海洋的全提取物或纯化学物质合成纳米粒子及其生物学应用的全面概述。
