White S A, Ward N, Verghese J, Kramer A F, Grandjean da Costa K, Liu C K, Kowaleski C, Reid K F
Nutrition, Exercise Physiology and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human, Nutrition Research on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
Tufts University Department of Psychology, Medford, MA, USA.
JAR Life. 2020;9:47-54. doi: 10.14283/jarlife.2020.10.
Modifiable lifestyle factors such as diet are associated with cognitive decline and dementia. Greater understanding of the nutritional intake of older adults who are at increased risk for cognitive decline may allow for the development of more effective dietary interventions to prevent or delay the onset of dementia.
The purpose of this study was to characterize the nutritional status, diet quality and individual nutritional components of older adults with motoric cognitive risk syndrome (MCR). MCR is a pre-dementia syndrome classified by slow gait speed and subjective memory impairments.
Cross-sectional analysis.
A community-based senior center located in an urban setting.
Twenty-five community-dwelling older adults with MCR aged 60-89 yrs.
Nutritional risk status was determined using the Nestle Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). A food frequency questionnaire was used to quantify: overall dietary quality using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI); adherence to the Mediterranean-DASH for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) dietary pattern; and intake of individual nutritional components shown to be protective or harmful for cognitive function in older adults. Participants completed a computerized cognitive testing battery to assess cognitive abilities.
More than one third (36%) of participants were at increased risk for malnutrition. Participants at lower risk for malnutrition had better working memory (r = 0.40, p = 0.04), executive functioning (r = 0.44, p = 0.03), and overall cognition (r = 0.44, p = 0.03). While participants generally consumed a reasonable quality diet (HEI = 65.15), 48% of participants had poor adherence to a neuroprotective MIND dietary pattern. Higher intake of B-complex vitamins was associated with better task switching (r = 0.40, p ≤ 0.05) and faster processing speeds (r = 0.39, p ≤ 0.05). Higher vitamin C intake was associated with better executive functioning (r = 0.40, p ≤ 0.05).
Our findings suggest that a significant proportion of older adults with MCR may be at increased risk for malnutrition. While the diet quality of older adults with MCR appeared to need improvement, future studies should investigate the effects of more specific nutritional interventions, including the MIND diet, on cognition in at-risk older adults.
饮食等可改变的生活方式因素与认知能力下降和痴呆症有关。更深入了解认知能力下降风险增加的老年人的营养摄入情况，可能有助于制定更有效的饮食干预措施，以预防或延缓痴呆症的发病。
本研究旨在描述患有运动性认知风险综合征（MCR）的老年人的营养状况、饮食质量和个体营养成分。MCR是一种痴呆前综合征，其特征为步态速度缓慢和主观记忆障碍。
横断面分析。
位于城市地区的一个社区老年中心。
25名年龄在60 - 89岁之间、居住在社区的患有MCR的老年人。
使用雀巢微型营养评定法（MNA）确定营养风险状况。使用食物频率问卷来量化：使用健康饮食指数（HEI）评估总体饮食质量；对地中海-得舒饮食延缓神经退行性变（MIND）饮食模式的依从性；以及对已证明对老年人认知功能有保护或有害作用的个体营养成分的摄入量。参与者完成了一套计算机化认知测试，以评估认知能力。
超过三分之一（36%）的参与者营养不良风险增加。营养不良风险较低的参与者具有更好的工作记忆（r = 0.40，p = 0.04）、执行功能（r = 0.44，p = 0.03）和总体认知能力（r = 0.44，p = 0.03）。虽然参与者总体上饮食质量合理（HEI = 65.15），但48%的参与者对具有神经保护作用的MIND饮食模式依从性较差。复合维生素B摄入量较高与更好的任务转换能力（r = 0.40，p≤0.05）和更快的处理速度（r = 0.39，p≤0.05）相关。维生素C摄入量较高与更好的执行功能相关（r = 0.40，p≤0.05）。
我们的研究结果表明，相当一部分患有MCR的老年人可能营养不良风险增加。虽然患有MCR的老年人的饮食质量似乎需要改善，但未来的研究应调查更具体营养干预措施，包括MIND饮食，对有风险的老年人认知的影响。
