Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518035, China.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
J Nanobiotechnology. 2022 Aug 31;20(1):395. doi: 10.1186/s12951-022-01605-4.
The rapid advancement of nanomedicine and nanoparticle (NP) materials presents novel solutions potentially capable of revolutionizing health care by improving efficacy, bioavailability, drug targeting, and safety. NPs are intriguing when considering medical applications because of their essential and unique qualities, including a significantly higher surface to mass ratio, quantum properties, and the potential to adsorb and transport drugs and other compounds. However, NPs must overcome or navigate several biological barriers of the human body to successfully deliver drugs at precise locations. Engineering the drug carrier biointerface can help overcome the main biological barriers and optimize the drug delivery in a more personalized manner. This review discusses the significant heterogeneous biological delivery barriers and how biointerface engineering can promote drug carriers to prevail over hurdles and navigate in a more personalized manner, thus ushering in the era of Precision Medicine. We also summarize the nanomedicines' current advantages and disadvantages in drug administration, from natural/synthetic sources to clinical applications. Additionally, we explore the innovative NP designs used in both non-personalized and customized applications as well as how they can attain a precise therapeutic strategy.
纳米医学和纳米粒子（NP）材料的快速发展提供了新的解决方案，有可能通过提高疗效、生物利用度、药物靶向和安全性来彻底改变医疗保健。由于其独特的性质，包括更高的表面积与质量比、量子特性以及吸附和输送药物和其他化合物的潜力，NP 在医学应用中具有吸引力。然而，NP 必须克服或解决人体的几个生物屏障，才能成功地将药物递送到精确的位置。药物载体生物界面的工程设计有助于克服主要的生物屏障，并以更个性化的方式优化药物输送。本文讨论了显著的异质生物输送障碍，以及生物界面工程如何帮助药物载体克服障碍并以更个性化的方式进行导航，从而开启精准医学的时代。我们还总结了纳米医学在药物管理方面的当前优势和劣势，包括从天然/合成来源到临床应用。此外，我们还探讨了非个性化和定制应用中使用的创新 NP 设计，以及它们如何实现精确的治疗策略。
