Departamento de Medicina y Zootecnia de Cerdos, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Aug 30;23(17):9842. doi: 10.3390/ijms23179842.
Sialic acids and heparan sulfates make up the outermost part of the cell membrane and the extracellular matrix. Both structures are characterized by being negatively charged, serving as receptors for various pathogens, and are highly expressed in the respiratory and digestive tracts. Numerous viruses use heparan sulfates as receptors to infect cells; in this group are HSV, HPV, and SARS-CoV-2. Other viruses require the cell to express sialic acids, as is the case in influenza A viruses and adenoviruses. This review aims to present, in a general way, the participation of glycoconjugates in viral entry, and therapeutic strategies focused on inhibiting the interaction between the virus and the glycoconjugates. Interestingly, there are few studies that suggest the participation of both glycoconjugates in the viruses addressed here. Considering the biological redundancy that exists between heparan sulfates and sialic acids, we propose that it is important to jointly evaluate and design strategies that contemplate inhibiting the interactions of both glycoconjugates. This approach will allow identifying new receptors and lead to a deeper understanding of interspecies transmission.
唾液酸和肝素硫酸盐构成了细胞膜和细胞外基质的最外层。这两种结构的特点是带负电荷，作为各种病原体的受体，并在呼吸道和消化道中高度表达。许多病毒使用肝素硫酸盐作为受体感染细胞；在这一组中包括单纯疱疹病毒、人乳头瘤病毒和 SARS-CoV-2。其他病毒需要细胞表达唾液酸，如甲型流感病毒和腺病毒。本综述旨在以一般的方式介绍糖缀合物在病毒进入中的作用，以及专注于抑制病毒与糖缀合物相互作用的治疗策略。有趣的是，很少有研究表明这两种糖缀合物都参与了这里讨论的病毒。考虑到肝素硫酸盐和唾液酸之间存在生物学冗余，我们建议联合评估和设计策略来抑制这两种糖缀合物的相互作用非常重要。这种方法将有助于识别新的受体，并深入了解种间传播。
