Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
The Institute of Medical Sciences (IMS), School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
Traffic. 2022 Nov;23(11):526-537. doi: 10.1111/tra.12868. Epub 2022 Sep 26.
The prevalence of a high-energy diet and a sedentary lifestyle has increased the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D). T2D is a chronic disease characterized by high blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. The pathological mechanism of this disease is not fully clear. Accumulated evidence has shown that noncoding RNAs have an essential regulatory role in the progression of diabetes and its complications. The roles of small noncoding RNAs, such as miRNAs, in T2D, have been extensively investigated, while the function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in T2D has been unstudied. It has been reported that lncRNAs in T2D play roles in the regulation of pancreatic function, peripheral glucose homeostasis and vascular inflammation. In addition, lncRNAs carried by small extracellular vesicles (sEV) were shown to mediate communication between organs and participate in diabetes progression. Some sEV lncRNAs derived from stem cells are being developed as potential therapeutic agents for diabetic complications. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge relating to lncRNA biogenesis, the mechanisms of lncRNA sorting into sEV and the regulatory roles of lncRNAs and sEV lncRNAs in diabetes. Knowledge of lncRNAs and sEV lncRNAs in diabetes will aid in the development of new therapeutic drugs for T2D in the future.
高能量饮食和久坐不动的生活方式的流行增加了 2 型糖尿病（T2D）的发病率。T2D 是一种慢性疾病，其特征是外周组织中血糖水平升高和胰岛素抵抗。这种疾病的病理机制尚不完全清楚。大量证据表明，非编码 RNA 在糖尿病及其并发症的进展中具有重要的调节作用。小非编码 RNA（如 miRNA）在 T2D 中的作用已被广泛研究，而长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）在 T2D 中的功能尚未得到研究。据报道，T2D 中的 lncRNA 在调节胰腺功能、外周葡萄糖稳态和血管炎症中发挥作用。此外，小细胞外囊泡（sEV）携带的 lncRNA 被证明介导器官间的通讯，并参与糖尿病的进展。一些来源于干细胞的 sEV lncRNA 正在被开发为治疗糖尿病并发症的潜在治疗剂。在这篇综述中，我们总结了与 lncRNA 生物发生、lncRNA 分选进入 sEV 的机制以及 lncRNA 和 sEV lncRNA 在糖尿病中的调节作用相关的最新知识。对糖尿病中 lncRNA 和 sEV lncRNA 的了解将有助于未来开发治疗 T2D 的新治疗药物。
