Fang Xu, Yang Yu-Fang, Kerschreiter Rudolf, Niedeggen Michael
Division of Experimental Psychology and Neuropsychology, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Division of Social, Organizational, and Economic Psychology, Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Brain Sci. 2022 Sep 10;12(9):1225. doi: 10.3390/brainsci12091225.
Previous studies indicated that the onsets of different social threats, such as threats to "belonging" and "control", are inconsistent with the subjective beliefs of social participation and require readjustment of expectations. Because a common cognitive system is assumed to be involved, the adjustment triggered by the experience of a single social threat should affect the processing of subsequent social interactions. We examined how preexposure to a loss of control affected social exclusion processing by using the Cyberball paradigm. An event-related brain component (P3) served as a probe for the state of the expectancy system, and self-reports reflected the subjective evaluations of the social threats. In the control group ( = 23), the transition to exclusion elicited a significant P3 effect and a high threat to belonging in the self-reports. Both effects were significantly reduced when the exclusion was preceded by preexposure to a loss of control (EG1, = 23). These effects, however, depend on the offset of the preexposure. In case of a continuation (EG2, = 24), the P3 effect was further reduced, but the threat to belonging was restored. We conclude that the P3 data are consistent with predictions of a common expectancy violation account, whereas self-reports are supposed to be affected by additional processes.
先前的研究表明，不同社会威胁（如对“归属感”和“控制权”的威胁）的出现与社会参与的主观信念不一致，需要重新调整期望。由于假定涉及一个共同的认知系统，由单一社会威胁经历引发的调整应会影响后续社会互动的处理。我们使用Cyberball范式研究了预先暴露于失去控制的情况如何影响社会排斥处理。一个与事件相关的脑成分（P3）作为期望系统状态的探测指标，自我报告反映了对社会威胁的主观评价。在对照组（n = 23）中，向排斥的转变引发了显著的P3效应以及自我报告中对归属感的高度威胁。当在排斥之前预先暴露于失去控制的情况时（实验组1，n = 23），这两种效应均显著降低。然而，这些效应取决于预先暴露的结束情况。在持续的情况下（实验组2，n = 24），P3效应进一步降低，但对归属感的威胁恢复了。我们得出结论，P3数据与共同期望违背理论的预测一致，而自我报告应该受到其他过程的影响。
