Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Front Immunol. 2022 Sep 23;13:996469. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.996469. eCollection 2022.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by destruction of the myelin sheath structure. The loss of myelin leads to damage of a neuron's axon and cell body, which is identified as brain lesions on magnetic resonance image (MRI). The pathogenesis of MS remains largely unknown. However, immune mechanisms, especially those linked to the aberrant lymphocyte activity, are mainly responsible for neuronal damage. Th1 and Th17 populations of lymphocytes were primarily associated with MS pathogenesis. These lymphocytes are essential for differentiation of encephalitogenic CD8 T cell and Th17 lymphocyte crossing the blood brain barrier and targeting myelin sheath in the CNS. B-lymphocytes could also contribute to MS pathogenesis by producing anti-myelin basic protein antibodies. In later studies, aberrant function of Treg and Th9 cells was identified as contributing to MS. This review summarizes the aberrant function and count of lymphocyte, and the contributions of these cell to the mechanisms of MS. Additionally, we have outlined the novel MS therapeutics aimed to amend the aberrant function or counts of these lymphocytes.
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种中枢神经系统（CNS）的慢性炎症性疾病，其特征是髓鞘结构的破坏。髓鞘的丧失导致神经元轴突和细胞体的损伤，这在磁共振成像（MRI）上被识别为脑损伤。MS 的发病机制在很大程度上尚不清楚。然而，免疫机制，特别是与淋巴细胞异常活性相关的机制，主要负责神经元损伤。淋巴细胞的 Th1 和 Th17 群体主要与 MS 的发病机制有关。这些淋巴细胞对于分化致脑炎的 CD8 T 细胞和 Th17 淋巴细胞穿过血脑屏障并靶向 CNS 中的髓鞘至关重要。B 淋巴细胞也可以通过产生抗髓鞘碱性蛋白抗体来促进 MS 的发病机制。在后来的研究中，发现 Treg 和 Th9 细胞的异常功能也有助于 MS 的发病。本综述总结了淋巴细胞的异常功能和数量，以及这些细胞对 MS 发病机制的贡献。此外，我们还概述了旨在纠正这些淋巴细胞异常功能或数量的新型 MS 治疗方法。
