Emerg Infect Dis. 2022 Nov;28(11):2214-2225. doi: 10.3201/eid2811.221041. Epub 2022 Oct 11.
Prior immune responses to coronaviruses might affect human SARS-CoV-2 response. We screened 2,565 serum and plasma samples collected from 2013 through early 2020, before the COVID-19 pandemic began, from 2,250 persons in 4 countries in Africa (Kenya, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Uganda) and in Thailand, including persons living with HIV-1. We detected IgG responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) subunit 2 protein in 1.8% of participants. Profiling against 23 coronavirus antigens revealed that responses to S, subunit 2, or subunit 1 proteins were significantly more frequent than responses to the receptor-binding domain, S-Trimer, or nucleocapsid proteins (p<0.0001). We observed similar responses in persons with or without HIV-1. Among all coronavirus antigens tested, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-1, and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus antibody responses were much higher in participants from Africa than in participants from Thailand (p<0.01). We noted less pronounced differences for endemic coronaviruses. Serosurveys could affect vaccine and monoclonal antibody distribution across global populations.
先前针对冠状病毒的免疫反应可能会影响人类对 SARS-CoV-2 的反应。我们筛查了 2013 年至 2020 年初 COVID-19 大流行开始之前，来自非洲 4 个国家（肯尼亚、尼日利亚、坦桑尼亚和乌干达）和泰国的 2250 人共 2565 份血清和血浆样本，其中包括艾滋病毒-1 感染者。我们在 1.8%的参与者中检测到针对 SARS-CoV-2 刺突（S）亚单位 2 蛋白的 IgG 反应。针对 23 种冠状病毒抗原的分析显示，对 S、亚单位 2 或亚单位 1 蛋白的反应比针对受体结合域、S-三聚体或核衣壳蛋白的反应更为频繁（p<0.0001）。我们在有或没有 HIV-1 的人群中都观察到了类似的反应。在所有测试的冠状病毒抗原中，来自非洲的参与者对 SARS-CoV-2、SARS-CoV-1 和中东呼吸综合征冠状病毒的抗体反应明显高于来自泰国的参与者（p<0.01）。对于地方性冠状病毒，我们注意到差异不那么明显。血清学调查可能会影响疫苗和单克隆抗体在全球人群中的分布。
