Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Science, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-561 Olsztyn, Poland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Oct 21;19(20):13647. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192013647.
This study aimed to evaluate changes in diet, adiposity, and metabolic outcomes after two years. In all, 358 Polish men aged 19-40 years old participated in the study. Data regarding dietary and lifestyle characteristics as well as family, socio-economic, and demographic status were collected using the food frequency questionnaire KomPAN. Dietary lifestyle patterns were previously derived from data for 358 men by principal component analysis (PCA). Changes over time were examined in 95 men who returned after two years by calculating relative differences (RD, %) in mean values and markers distribution. Diet quality was described with two predefined scores: pro-Healthy-Diet-Index (pHDI) and non-Healthy-Diet-Index (nHDI). After two years, changes were observed in diet quality and metabolic health markers. No significant changes were observed in family, socio-economic, and demographic status, as well as other lifestyle factors. In the "sandwiches and convenience foods" pattern, an nHDI decrease (RD = -25.3%) was associated with a fasting blood glucose decrease (RD = -6.1%). In the "protein food, fried-food and recreational physical activity" and the "healthy diet, activity at work, former smoking" patterns, pHDI decreases (RD = -13.6% and -14.6%, respectively,) were associated with an adiposity increase. In the "fast foods and stimulants" pattern, no changes in pHDI and nHDI were observed, while adiposity markers and systolic blood pressure worsened. Conclusion: in the two-year perspective, dietary improvement was associated with improved glycemic control, despite no changes in body weight, while worsening of the diet quality or maintenance of unhealthy dietary behaviours were associated with the deterioration of metabolic health.
本研究旨在评估两年后饮食、肥胖和代谢结果的变化。共有 358 名年龄在 19-40 岁的波兰男性参与了这项研究。使用食物频率问卷 KomPAN 收集了有关饮食和生活方式特征以及家庭、社会经济和人口统计学状况的数据。之前通过主成分分析（PCA）从 358 名男性的数据中得出了饮食生活方式模式。通过计算平均值和标志物分布的相对差异（RD，%），检查了 95 名在两年后返回的男性的时间变化。使用两个预先定义的评分来描述饮食质量：健康饮食指数（pHDI）和非健康饮食指数（nHDI）。两年后，饮食质量和代谢健康标志物发生了变化。家庭、社会经济和人口统计学状况以及其他生活方式因素没有发生显著变化。在“三明治和方便食品”模式中，nHDI 下降（RD=-25.3%）与空腹血糖下降（RD=-6.1%）相关。在“蛋白质食物、油炸食品和娱乐性体力活动”和“健康饮食、工作活动、曾经吸烟”模式中，pHDI 下降（RD=-13.6%和-14.6%）与肥胖增加相关。在“快餐和兴奋剂”模式中，pHDI 和 nHDI 没有变化，而肥胖标志物和收缩压恶化。结论：在两年的时间内，饮食的改善与血糖控制的改善有关，尽管体重没有变化，而饮食质量的恶化或不健康的饮食行为的维持与代谢健康的恶化有关。
