Qi Jiangfeng, Chen Chaoyi, He Yajing, Wang Ying
School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211100, China.
J Fungi (Basel). 2022 Oct 7;8(10):1051. doi: 10.3390/jof8101051.
As a typical filamentous fungus, species are highly adaptive to diverse ecological habitats, represented by their occurrence in both terrestrial and marine environments; this could plausibly be ascribed to their preeminent biological diversity and metabolic variability. In this context, marine-derived fungi have recently attracted great interest as a promising potential source of biologically active compounds. The present study depicts the genomic and chemical profiles of M7, a strain of isolated from mussels in the South China Sea; the crude extracts of its soybean fermentation exhibit potent growth-inhibitory properties against and . Subsequently, functional genomics analysis based on sequences implied a considerable biosynthetic potential of the strain, which is substantiated by the 75 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) identified via genome mining; the majority (49 BGCs) were functionally unknown. Representatively, the putative biosynthetic pathways of terramide A and terramide B, the bacteriostatic products obtained through chemical separation and characterized from the fermentation, could not be allocated to any known BGC, highlighting the metabolic potency and diversity of this strain. Meanwhile, based on a comprehensive analysis of fermentation conditions, we confirmed that the presence of environmental iron was inversely correlated with antimicrobial characteristics of the strain M7, presumably due to the interference in the biosynthetic pathway or bioactive mechanisms of the antimicrobial components, e.g., terramide A and B. Our observations provide genomic and biochemical insight into the metabolic and ecological novelties of this strain, underpinning the diversity of biosynthetic flexibility and adaptive strategies of marine fungi.
作为一种典型的丝状真菌，该物种对多种生态栖息地具有高度适应性，在陆地和海洋环境中均有出现，这可能归因于其卓越的生物多样性和代谢变异性。在此背景下，海洋来源的真菌作为生物活性化合物的潜在来源最近引起了极大关注。本研究描述了从中国南海贻贝中分离出的一株该真菌M7的基因组和化学特征；其大豆发酵粗提物对[具体菌名1]和[具体菌名2]具有强大的生长抑制特性。随后，基于序列的功能基因组学分析表明该菌株具有相当大的生物合成潜力，通过基因组挖掘鉴定出75个生物合成基因簇（BGCs）证实了这一点；大多数（49个BGCs）功能未知。代表性地，通过化学分离从发酵产物中鉴定出的抑菌产物terramide A和terramide B的推定生物合成途径，无法归入任何已知的BGC，突出了该菌株的代谢能力和多样性。同时，基于对发酵条件的综合分析，我们证实环境铁的存在与菌株M7的抗菌特性呈负相关，推测这是由于其对抗菌成分（如terramide A和B）的生物合成途径或生物活性机制产生了干扰。我们的观察结果为该菌株的代谢和生态新奇性提供了基因组和生化见解，支撑了海洋真菌生物合成灵活性和适应性策略的多样性。
