Salazar-López Norma Julieta, Barco-Mendoza Gabriel A, Zuñiga-Martínez B Shain, Domínguez-Avila J Abraham, Robles-Sánchez R Maribel, Ochoa Monica A Villegas, González-Aguilar Gustavo A
Facultad de Medicina de Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Dr. Humberto Torres Sanginés S/N, Centro Cívico, Mexicali 21000, Baja California, Mexico.
Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora, 5 de Febrero No. 818, Centro, Urb. No. 1, Ciudad Obregón 85000, Sonora, Mexico.
Bioengineering (Basel). 2022 Oct 28;9(11):623. doi: 10.3390/bioengineering9110623.
Food waste is a serious problem with negative environmental and economic consequences. Unused food (either as waste or by-products and referred to as food residues in the present work) is a source of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals and bioactive compounds that could be used in an alternate or secondary life cycle to avoid discarding it. The present work reviews the potential use of food residues for the bioengineering of single-cell protein (SCP), addressing aspects of production, nutrition and safety, as well as the main challenges and perspectives. SCP is obtained from various microorganisms, including fungi, bacteria, yeasts and algae, in pure or mixed form. SCP generally contains a higher percentage of protein (30-80%) compared to soy (38.6%), fish (17.8%), meat (21.2%) and whole milk (3.28%). SCP is a source of essential amino acids, including methionine, threonine and lysine. The use of food residues as substrates for the production of SCP would reduce production costs (35-75%); however, optimization and industrial scaling are some of the main challenges to its sustainable production. The use food waste and agro by-products from the food industry could be a promising alternative to obtain protein according to a circular production scheme.
食物浪费是一个严重的问题，会产生负面的环境和经济后果。未使用的食物（无论是作为废弃物还是副产品，在本研究中称为食物残渣）是碳水化合物、脂质、蛋白质、维生素、矿物质和生物活性化合物的来源，这些物质可用于替代或二次生命周期，以避免将其丢弃。本研究综述了食物残渣在单细胞蛋白（SCP）生物工程中的潜在用途，探讨了生产、营养和安全方面，以及主要挑战和前景。SCP可从各种微生物中获得，包括真菌、细菌、酵母和藻类，有纯形式或混合形式。与大豆（38.6%）、鱼类（17.8%）、肉类（21.2%）和全脂牛奶（3.28%）相比，SCP通常含有更高比例的蛋白质（30-80%）。SCP是必需氨基酸的来源，包括蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和赖氨酸。将食物残渣用作生产SCP的底物将降低生产成本（35-75%）；然而，优化和工业规模化是其可持续生产的一些主要挑战。根据循环生产方案，利用食品工业产生的食物垃圾和农业副产品来获取蛋白质可能是一种很有前景的替代方法。
