Department of Physiology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain.
Nutrients. 2022 Nov 2;14(21):4609. doi: 10.3390/nu14214609.
In different endurance events, athletes have limited access to fluid intake, such as ultra-endurance running. For this reason, it is necessary to establish an adequate hydration strategy for this type of long-duration sporting event. Indeed, it seems that the intake of seawater is a suitable hydration alternative to improve post-exercise recovery in this type of endurance event. This seawater is characterized by being a deep natural mineral water of moderate mineralization, which is usually extracted from a depth of about 700 m. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the efficacy of seawater consumption in both performance and post-exercise recovery in long-duration sport events. A systematic and comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in September 2022. Initially, 8 out of 558 articles met the inclusion criteria. Among these eight studies, six were randomized clinical trials, and two were observational studies (one cross-sectional and one prospective study in well-conditioned student athletes). The results showed that deep sea water consumption accelerated the recovery of aerobic capacity and leg muscle capacity on running performance. In addition, the lactate production after the running exercise in seawater was significantly lower than in pure water. In conclusion, the present review demonstrates that seawater consumption could significantly improve the capacity of recovery after exercise.
在不同的耐力项目中，运动员摄入液体的机会有限，例如超长距离跑步。出于这个原因，有必要为这种长时间的体育赛事制定适当的补水策略。事实上，在这种耐力项目中，摄入海水似乎是一种改善运动后恢复的合适补水替代方案。这种海水的特点是中度矿化的深层天然矿泉水，通常从约 700 米的深度提取。因此，本系统评价的目的是评估在长时间运动项目中海水摄入对运动表现和运动后恢复的功效。2022 年 9 月，我们在 PubMed、Scopus 和 Web of Science 上进行了系统而全面的文献检索。最初，558 篇文章中有 8 篇符合纳入标准。在这八项研究中，有六项是随机临床试验，两项是观察性研究（一项是横断面研究，一项是对条件良好的学生运动员的前瞻性研究）。结果表明，深海水的摄入加速了有氧能力和跑步表现中腿部肌肉能力的恢复。此外，在海水中进行跑步运动后的乳酸生成明显低于纯水。总之，本综述表明，海水摄入可以显著改善运动后的恢复能力。
