Institute of Non-communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Panyu District of Guangzhou City, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
BMJ Open. 2022 Nov 14;12(11):e062257. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-062257.
This study aims to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of falls among the elderly in Guangdong, China.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in six communities of Guangdong province. People over 60 years old were selected with multistage random-cluster sampling. Data on falls within the previous 12 months and fall-related risk factors were collected through a face-to-face interview.
The prevalence of falls among older adults was 11.9% (95% CI: 11.0% to 12.8%) among 5374 interviewees. The common injuries caused by falls were bruises/scrapes (40.0%) and fractures (15.5%), and most people fall while doing housework (35.0%). Univariate analysis showed that 14 factors were associated with falls among older adults, including gender, age, residence, occupation, education level, balance ability, situation of cognition, disease, depression, living arrangement, marital status, the behaviour of exercise, drinking and drug use (p<0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the associated factors of falls among older adults included woman (OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.40 to 2.02), age from 70 to 79 years (OR=1.31, 95% CI: 1.09 to 1.58), age over 80 (OR=1.63, 95% CI: 1.25 to 2.13), impaired balance ability (OR=1.45, 95% CI: 1.20 to 1.75), exercise several times per month (OR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.13 to 2.53), polypharmacy (OR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.19 to 2.00), cognition impairment (OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.69), mild depression (OR=1.89, 95% CI: 1.47 to 2.45) and moderate depression (OR=3.07, 95% CI: 1.99 to 4.73).
The hazards caused by falls to the elderly in China cannot be ignored. A multidimensional customised fall prevention programme should be considered to reduce the risk of falls among the elderly based on the results above.
本研究旨在调查中国广东老年人跌倒的患病率和相关风险因素。
采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法，在广东省 6 个社区进行横断面研究。选择年龄在 60 岁及以上的人群进行面对面访谈，收集过去 12 个月内跌倒及相关跌倒风险因素的数据。
在 5374 名接受调查的老年人中，老年人跌倒的患病率为 11.9%（95%CI：11.0%至 12.8%）。跌倒常见的伤害包括瘀伤/擦伤（40.0%）和骨折（15.5%），大多数人是在做家务时跌倒（35.0%）。单因素分析显示，14 个因素与老年人跌倒有关，包括性别、年龄、居住地、职业、教育程度、平衡能力、认知状况、疾病、抑郁、生活安排、婚姻状况、运动行为、饮酒和药物使用（p<0.05）。多因素分析显示，老年人跌倒的相关因素包括女性（OR=1.68，95%CI：1.40 至 2.02）、70 至 79 岁（OR=1.31，95%CI：1.09 至 1.58）、80 岁以上（OR=1.63，95%CI：1.25 至 2.13）、平衡能力受损（OR=1.45，95%CI：1.20 至 1.75）、每月运动几次（OR=1.69，95%CI：1.13 至 2.53）、多药治疗（OR=1.54，95%CI：1.19 至 2.00）、认知障碍（OR=1.35，95%CI：1.08 至 1.69）、轻度抑郁（OR=1.89，95%CI：1.47 至 2.45）和中度抑郁（OR=3.07，95%CI：1.99 至 4.73）。
中国老年人跌倒造成的危害不容忽视。应根据上述结果，考虑制定多维度的个体化跌倒预防计划，以降低老年人跌倒的风险。
