Talapko Jasminka, Včev Aleksandar, Meštrović Tomislav, Pustijanac Emina, Jukić Melita, Škrlec Ivana
Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Crkvena 21, 31000 Osijek, Croatia.
University Centre Varaždin, University North, 42000 Varaždin, Croatia.
Microorganisms. 2022 Dec 5;10(12):2405. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10122405.
The gut microbiota, which represent a community of different microorganisms in the human intestinal tract, are crucial to preserving human health by participating in various physiological functions and acting as a metabolic organ. In physiological conditions, microbiota-host partnership exerts homeostatic stability; however, changes in intestinal microbiota composition (dysbiosis) are an important factor in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease and its two main disease entities: ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The incidence and prevalence of these inflammatory conditions have increased rapidly in the last decade, becoming a significant problem for the healthcare system and a true challenge in finding novel therapeutic solutions. The issue is that, despite numerous studies, the etiopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease is not completely clear. Based on current knowledge, chronic intestinal inflammation occurs due to altered intestinal microbiota and environmental factors, as well as a complex interplay between the genetic predisposition of the host and an inappropriate innate and acquired immune response. It is important to note that the development of biological and immunomodulatory therapy has led to significant progress in treating inflammatory bowel disease. Certain lifestyle changes and novel approaches-including fecal microbiota transplantation and nutritional supplementation with probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics-have offered solutions for dysbiosis management and paved the way towards restoring a healthy microbiome, with only minimal long-term unfavorable effects.
肠道微生物群是人类肠道中不同微生物的群落，通过参与各种生理功能并作为代谢器官，对维持人类健康至关重要。在生理条件下，微生物群与宿主的伙伴关系发挥着稳态稳定性；然而，肠道微生物群组成的变化（生态失调）是炎症性肠病及其两个主要疾病实体——溃疡性结肠炎和克罗恩病发病机制中的一个重要因素。在过去十年中，这些炎症性疾病的发病率和患病率迅速上升，成为医疗保健系统的一个重大问题，也是寻找新治疗方案的一个真正挑战。问题在于，尽管进行了大量研究，但炎症性肠病的病因发病机制仍不完全清楚。根据目前的知识，慢性肠道炎症是由于肠道微生物群和环境因素的改变，以及宿主的遗传易感性与不适当的先天性和获得性免疫反应之间的复杂相互作用而发生的。值得注意的是，生物和免疫调节疗法的发展在治疗炎症性肠病方面取得了重大进展。某些生活方式的改变和新方法——包括粪便微生物群移植以及用益生菌、益生元、合生元进行营养补充——为生态失调的管理提供了解决方案，并为恢复健康的微生物群铺平了道路，且只有极小的长期不良影响。
