Teklemariam Addisu D, Alharbi Mona G, Al-Hindi Rashad R, Alotibi Ibrahim, Aljaddawi Abdullah A, Azhari Sheren A, Esmael Ahmed
Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Health Information Technology Department, Applied College, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Pathogens. 2022 Dec 6;11(12):1480. doi: 10.3390/pathogens11121480.
Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis are well-known pathogens that cause foodborne diseases in humans. The emergence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella serovars has caused serious public health problems worldwide. In this study, two lysogenic phages, STP11 and SEP13, were isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in Jeddah, KSA. Transmission electron microscopic images revealed that both phages are new members of the genus “Chivirus” within the family Siphoviridae. Both STP11 and SEP13 had a lysis time of 90 min with burst sizes of 176 and 170 PFU/cell, respectively. The two phages were thermostable (0 °C ≤ temperature < 70 °C) and pH tolerant at 3 ≤ pH < 11. STP11 showed lytic activity for approximately 42.8% (n = 6), while SEP13 showed against 35.7% (n = 5) of the tested bacterial strains. STP11 and STP13 have linear dsDNA genomes consisting of 58,890 bp and 58,893 bp nucleotide sequences with G + C contents of 57% and 56.5%, respectively. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the genomes of phages STP11 and SEP13 contained 70 and 71 ORFs, respectively. No gene encoding tRNA was detected in their genome. Of the 70 putative ORFs of phage STP11, 27 (38.6%) were assigned to functional genes and 43 (61.4%) were annotated as hypothetical proteins. Similarly, 29 (40.8%) of the 71 putative ORFs of phage SEP13 were annotated as functional genes, whereas the remaining 42 (59.2%) were assigned as nonfunctional proteins. Phylogenetic analysis of the whole genome sequence demonstrated that the isolated phages are closely related to Chi-like Salmonella viruses.
肠炎沙门氏菌鼠伤寒血清型和肠炎沙门氏菌肠炎血清型是引起人类食源性疾病的知名病原体。抗生素耐药性沙门氏菌血清型的出现已在全球范围内引起严重的公共卫生问题。在本研究中,从沙特阿拉伯吉达的一家废水处理厂分离出两种溶原性噬菌体STP11和SEP13。透射电子显微镜图像显示,这两种噬菌体都是长尾噬菌体科“奇病毒属”的新成员。STP11和SEP13的裂解时间均为90分钟,爆发量分别为176和170 PFU/细胞。这两种噬菌体具有热稳定性(0°C≤温度<70°C),在3≤pH<11时耐pH值。STP11对约42.8%(n = 6)的测试细菌菌株具有裂解活性,而SEP13对35.7%(n = 5)的测试细菌菌株具有裂解活性。STP11和STP13具有线性双链DNA基因组,分别由58,890 bp和58,893 bp的核苷酸序列组成,G + C含量分别为57%和56.5%。生物信息学分析表明,噬菌体STP11和SEP13的基因组分别包含70和71个开放阅读框。在它们的基因组中未检测到编码tRNA的基因。在噬菌体STP11的70个推定开放阅读框中,27个(38.6%)被指定为功能基因,43个(61.4%)被注释为假定蛋白。同样,噬菌体SEP13的71个推定开放阅读框中有29个(40.8%)被注释为功能基因,其余42个(59.2%)被指定为非功能蛋白。全基因组序列的系统发育分析表明,分离出的噬菌体与类Chi沙门氏菌病毒密切相关。