Bell V, Silva C R P G, Guina J, Fernandes T H
Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Coimbra, Portugal.
Department of Health and Social Care, School of Health and Care Management, Arden University, Coventry, United Kingdom.
Front Nutr. 2022 Dec 6;9:1050099. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1050099. eCollection 2022.
The potential of edible mushrooms as an unexploited treasure trove, although rarely included in known food guidelines, is highlighted. Their role in shielding people against the side effects of an unhealthy stylish diet is reviewed. Mushrooms complement the human diet with various bioactive molecules not identified or deficient in foodstuffs of plant and animal sources, being considered a functional food for the prevention of several human diseases. Mushrooms have been widely used as medicinal products for more than 2,000 years, but globally the potential field of use of wild mushrooms has been untapped. There is a broad range of edible mushrooms which remain poorly identified or even unreported which is a valuable pool as sources of bioactive compounds for biopharma utilization and new dietary supplements. Some unique elements of mushrooms and their role in preventative healthcare are emphasized, through their positive impact on the immune system. The potential of mushrooms as antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, and other health concerns is discussed. Mushrooms incorporate top sources of non-digestible oligosaccharides, and ergothioneine, which humans are unable to synthesize, the later a unique antioxidant, cytoprotective, and anti-inflammatory element, with therapeutic potential, approved by world food agencies. The prebiotic activity of mushrooms beneficially affects gut homeostasis performance and the balance of gut microbiota is enhanced. Several recent studies on neurological impact and contribution to the growth of nerve and brain cells are mentioned. Indeed, mushrooms as functional foods' nutraceuticals are presently regarded as next-generation foods, supporting health and wellness, and are promising prophylactic or therapeutic agents.
尽管食用蘑菇的潜力很少被纳入已知的饮食指南，但它作为一个未被开发的宝库的潜力仍被凸显出来。本文回顾了蘑菇在保护人们免受不健康时尚饮食副作用方面的作用。蘑菇以各种生物活性分子补充人类饮食，这些分子在植物和动物来源的食物中未被发现或缺乏，因此被认为是预防多种人类疾病的功能性食品。两千多年来，蘑菇一直被广泛用作药品，但在全球范围内，野生蘑菇的潜在应用领域尚未得到开发。有大量可食用蘑菇仍未得到充分鉴定甚至未被报道，它们是生物制药利用和新型膳食补充剂中生物活性化合物的宝贵来源。通过蘑菇对免疫系统的积极影响，强调了蘑菇的一些独特成分及其在预防性医疗保健中的作用。讨论了蘑菇作为抗病毒、抗炎、抗肿瘤和其他健康问题的潜力。蘑菇含有不可消化寡糖和麦角硫因的顶级来源，人类无法合成麦角硫因，后者是一种独特的抗氧化剂、细胞保护剂和抗炎元素，具有治疗潜力，已得到世界食品机构的认可。蘑菇的益生元活性有益地影响肠道内稳态性能，增强肠道微生物群的平衡。文中提到了最近几项关于蘑菇对神经的影响以及对神经和脑细胞生长的贡献的研究。事实上，蘑菇作为功能性食品的营养保健品目前被视为下一代食品，有助于促进健康，是很有前景的预防或治疗剂。
