Birch E E, Birch D G
Retina Foundation of the Southwest, Presbyterian Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75231.
Vision Res. 1987;27(4):499-505. doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(87)90034-4.
Steady-state pupil diameter was measured in darkness and over a 9 log unit range of Ganzfeld illumination in 20 normal adults, 28 normal infants, 59 adults with retinitis pigmentosa, and 30 children at risk for retinitis pigmentosa. Pupil threshold was defined as the retinal illuminance necessary to decrease pupil diameter by 1.0 mm relative to the diameter in darkness. Spectral measurements in normal adults confirmed that pupil threshold was determined primarily by rods with this procedure. Pupil thresholds of newborns and infants did not differ significantly from those of normal adults. In patients with retinitis pigmentosa, elevations in pupil threshold were related to rod loss as indexed by reductions in rod ERG amplitude. Electroretinographic follow-up of 13 of the children at risk for retinitis pigmentosa showed normal rod ERG function in 5 children who had pupil thresholds within the normal range and significant rod ERG loss in 8 children who had elevated pupil thresholds.
在20名正常成年人、28名正常婴儿、59名患有视网膜色素变性的成年人以及30名有视网膜色素变性风险的儿童中，测量了在黑暗环境下以及在9个对数单位范围的全视野照明下的稳态瞳孔直径。瞳孔阈值定义为相对于黑暗环境下的直径，使瞳孔直径减小1.0毫米所需的视网膜照度。对正常成年人的光谱测量证实，采用此程序时，瞳孔阈值主要由视杆细胞决定。新生儿和婴儿的瞳孔阈值与正常成年人的瞳孔阈值没有显著差异。在患有视网膜色素变性的患者中，瞳孔阈值升高与视杆细胞损失有关，视杆细胞损失通过视杆细胞视网膜电图（ERG）振幅降低来衡量。对13名有视网膜色素变性风险的儿童进行视网膜电图随访发现，5名瞳孔阈值在正常范围内的儿童视杆细胞ERG功能正常，而8名瞳孔阈值升高的儿童视杆细胞ERG功能明显丧失。
