Zhong Huimin, Jiang Cong, Huang Yanyan
College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University Nanjing 210037 China
RSC Adv. 2023 Jan 6;13(3):1539-1550. doi: 10.1039/d2ra06849d.
Nowadays, nanozymes have not only been used as biosensors in the detection field, but also their application prospects in disease treatment have been explored. Numerous nanomaterials have similar catalytic activities such as peroxidase, oxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase, and they can be used for antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant therapy. Although there have been many studies on the application of nanozymes in the therapeutic field, the current nanozyme-based systems often lack targeting and ignore the harm to the surrounding normal tissues. Although promising, the biosafety of nanomaterials has always been the concern of researchers. To improve the treatment effect and reduce toxic and side effects, precision treatment has become the key. At present, a few studies have modified targeted molecules on nanozymes to achieve precise targeting through specific interaction with surface overexpression factors of bacteria or cells. Combined with the catalysis of nanozymes, the targeted treatment of diseases can be achieved. This review summarizes the current research of nanozyme systems in targeted antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant applications. At the same time, the challenges and development prospects of nanozyme-based targeted therapy system are summarized. It is expected that this work will provide new ideas and new directions for the precise treatment of nanozymes.
如今，纳米酶不仅在检测领域被用作生物传感器，而且其在疾病治疗中的应用前景也得到了探索。众多纳米材料具有类似过氧化物酶、氧化酶、过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶的催化活性，可用于抗菌、抗癌和抗氧化治疗。尽管关于纳米酶在治疗领域的应用已有许多研究，但当前基于纳米酶的系统往往缺乏靶向性，且忽视了对周围正常组织的损害。尽管前景广阔，但纳米材料的生物安全性一直是研究人员关注的问题。为提高治疗效果并减少毒副作用，精准治疗已成为关键。目前，少数研究在纳米酶上修饰了靶向分子，以通过与细菌或细胞表面过表达因子的特异性相互作用实现精准靶向。结合纳米酶的催化作用，可实现疾病的靶向治疗。本文综述了纳米酶系统在靶向抗菌、抗癌和抗氧化应用方面的当前研究。同时，总结了基于纳米酶的靶向治疗系统面临的挑战和发展前景。期望这项工作能为纳米酶的精准治疗提供新思路和新方向。
