Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
BMC Public Health. 2023 Jan 28;23(1):194. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15080-5.
Health-related behaviors may change after retirement and induce changes in the mental health. This systematic review aimed to investigate the nature of changes in physical activity and leisure activities, as well as the relationship between physical activity, leisure, and psychological adjustment among retirees.
Search of papers was done in three electronic databases of PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus without constraints on time, geographical regions, or languages in February 2022. The papers that had examined the relationship between physical activity and adjustment among retirees using observational design (cross-sectional or longitudinal) were included in the present study. To evaluate the methodological quality of cross-sectional studies, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist, and for longitudinal studies, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used.
The search results identified 1458 records. Twenty-six papers were included in this review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings of most of these studies indicated a significant positive correlation between physical activity, leisure, and psychological adjustment in retirees. Retirees were mostly engaged in passive leisure activities such as reading, watching TV and movies, and less engaged in physical activities, sport, or physical exercise. General organized assessment of the total physical activity among retirees was not possible.
Based on the study findings, it can be stated that there is a positive correlation between physical activity, leisure, and the retirees' adjustment. Usage of the same and valid measurement method specific to old age and retirement period can be useful in more precise assessment of physical activity and its association with adjustment among retirees.
健康相关行为可能会在退休后发生变化，并导致心理健康的变化。本系统评价旨在调查退休人员的身体活动和休闲活动的变化性质，以及身体活动、休闲与心理调整之间的关系。
2022 年 2 月，在 PubMed、ISI Web of Science 和 Scopus 这三个电子数据库中，无时间、地域或语言限制地搜索论文。本研究纳入了使用观察设计（横断面或纵向）研究身体活动与退休人员调整之间关系的论文。为了评估横断面研究的方法学质量，使用了 Joanna Briggs 研究所（JBI）的批判性评价清单，而对于纵向研究，则使用了纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表（NOS）。
搜索结果确定了 1458 条记录。根据纳入和排除标准，有 26 篇论文被纳入本综述。这些研究的大多数结果表明，退休人员的身体活动、休闲和心理调整之间存在显著的正相关关系。退休人员主要从事被动休闲活动，如阅读、看电视和电影，而较少从事身体活动、运动或体育锻炼。对退休人员总体身体活动的一般综合评估是不可能的。
根据研究结果，可以说身体活动、休闲与退休人员的调整之间存在正相关关系。使用针对老年和退休期的相同和有效的特定测量方法，可以更准确地评估身体活动及其与退休人员调整之间的关系。
