Böhm Elsa Wilma, Pfeiffer Norbert, Wagner Felix Mathias, Gericke Adrian
Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2023 Jan 12;9:1069449. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.1069449. eCollection 2022.
Disturbances of retinal perfusion are involved in the onset and maintenance of several ocular diseases, including diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, and retinal vascular occlusion. Hence, knowledge on ocular vascular anatomy and function is highly relevant for basic research studies and for clinical judgment and treatment. The retinal vasculature is composed of the superficial, intermediate, and deep vascular layer. Detection of changes in blood flow and vascular diameter especially in smaller vessels is essential to understand and to analyze vascular diseases. Several methods to evaluate blood flow regulation in the retina have been described so far, but no gold standard has been established. For highly reliable assessment of retinal blood flow, exact determination of vessel diameter is necessary. Several measurement methods have already been reported in humans. But for further analysis of retinal vascular diseases, studies in laboratory animals, including genetically modified mice, are important. As for mice, the small vessel size is challenging requiring devices with high optic resolution. In this review, we recapitulate different methods for retinal blood flow and vessel diameter measurement. Moreover, studies in humans and in experimental animals are described.
视网膜灌注紊乱参与了包括糖尿病性视网膜病变、青光眼和视网膜血管阻塞在内的多种眼部疾病的发生和维持。因此，关于眼部血管解剖和功能的知识对于基础研究以及临床判断和治疗都具有高度相关性。视网膜血管系统由浅、中、深血管层组成。检测血流和血管直径的变化，尤其是较小血管的变化，对于理解和分析血管疾病至关重要。到目前为止，已经描述了几种评估视网膜血流调节的方法，但尚未建立金标准。为了高度可靠地评估视网膜血流，准确测定血管直径是必要的。已经报道了几种在人体中的测量方法。但是对于视网膜血管疾病的进一步分析，包括基因改造小鼠在内的实验动物研究很重要。对于小鼠来说，小血管尺寸具有挑战性，需要具有高光学分辨率的设备。在这篇综述中，我们概述了视网膜血流和血管直径测量的不同方法。此外，还描述了在人体和实验动物中的研究。
