Hoose Alex, Vellacott Richard, Storch Marko, Freemont Paul S, Ryadnov Maxim G
National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, Middlesex UK.
BiologIC Technologies, Cambridge, UK.
Nat Rev Chem. 2023;7(3):144-161. doi: 10.1038/s41570-022-00456-9. Epub 2023 Jan 23.
Synthetic DNA is of increasing demand across many sectors of research and commercial activities. Engineering biology, therapy, data storage and nanotechnology are set for rapid developments if DNA can be provided at scale and low cost. Stimulated by successes in next generation sequencing and gene editing technologies, DNA synthesis is already a burgeoning industry. However, the synthesis of >200 bp sequences remains unaffordable. To overcome these limitations and start writing DNA as effectively as it is read, alternative technologies have been developed including molecular assembly and cloning methods, template-independent enzymatic synthesis, microarray and rolling circle amplification techniques. Here, we review the progress in developing and commercializing these technologies, which are exemplified by innovations from leading companies. We discuss pros and cons of each technology, the need for oversight and regulatory policies for DNA synthesis as a whole and give an overview of DNA synthesis business models.
合成DNA在许多研究和商业活动领域的需求日益增长。如果能够大规模且低成本地提供DNA，那么合成生物学、治疗、数据存储和纳米技术将迎来快速发展。受下一代测序和基因编辑技术成功的刺激，DNA合成已经成为一个蓬勃发展的产业。然而，合成长度超过200bp的序列仍然成本过高。为了克服这些限制并开始像读取DNA一样高效地书写DNA，人们已经开发了包括分子组装和克隆方法、无模板酶促合成、微阵列和滚环扩增技术在内的替代技术。在这里，我们回顾了这些技术在开发和商业化方面的进展，这些进展以领先公司的创新为例。我们讨论了每种技术的优缺点、对整个DNA合成进行监督和监管政策的必要性，并概述了DNA合成的商业模式。
