Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Global Centre of Excellence Immunology, Nutricia Danone Research, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 18;20(3):1761. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20031761.
Reduced immune fitness can have a significant negative impact on work performance. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of reduced immune fitness on job performance and associated costs for the Dutch economy. Data from = 425 Dutch working adults (18-65 years old) who completed an online survey were analyzed to evaluate the number of days of absenteeism (not going to work) and presenteeism (working while sick) due to reduced immune fitness, and the performance level on days worked with reduced immune fitness. Data from for the year 2019 were analyzed. Participants reported 2.9 absenteeism days and 19 presenteeism days, with an average performance reduction of 22.8% when working on days with reduced immune fitness. Significantly more days of absenteeism and presenteeism were reported by women, individuals with a poorer immune fitness, and those with underlying disease. Performance impairment on days worked while experiencing reduced immune fitness was significantly greater among individuals with a younger age at the junior career level, those with underlying disease, and among highly educated individuals. The associated costs of reduced immune fitness were estimated at €4.3 billion for absenteeism and €6.4 billion for presenteeism. Together, the costs of reduced immune fitness for the Dutch economy in 2019 were estimated at €10.7 billion. These findings demonstrate that reduced immune fitness has a significant negative impact on the Dutch economy.
免疫功能下降会对工作表现产生重大的负面影响。本研究旨在评估免疫功能下降对工作表现和荷兰经济相关成本的影响。分析了 425 名荷兰成年工作者（18-65 岁）的在线调查数据，以评估因免疫功能下降导致的缺勤（不去上班）和在职病假（带病工作）天数，以及免疫功能下降时工作天数的表现水平。分析了 2019 年的数据。参与者报告了 2.9 天的缺勤和 19 天的在职病假，在免疫功能下降的日子里工作时，平均工作表现下降了 22.8%。女性、免疫功能较差的个体以及患有基础疾病的个体报告的缺勤和在职病假天数明显更多。在初级职业生涯阶段年龄较小、患有基础疾病和受教育程度较高的个体中，在免疫功能下降的日子里工作时的表现受损程度显著更大。因免疫功能下降导致的缺勤成本估计为 43 亿欧元，在职病假成本估计为 64 亿欧元。因此，2019 年免疫功能下降给荷兰经济造成的总成本估计为 107 亿欧元。这些发现表明，免疫功能下降对荷兰经济有重大的负面影响。
