Kiani Pantea, Balikji Jessica, Kraneveld Aletta D, Garssen Johan, Bruce Gillian, Verster Joris C
Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Lead Healthcare, Luitenant Generaal van Heutszlaan 8, 3743 JN Baarn, The Netherlands.
J Clin Med. 2022 Apr 26;11(9):2442. doi: 10.3390/jcm11092442.
Pandemic preparedness is an important issue in relation to future pandemics. The two studies described here aimed to identify factors predicting the presence and severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms. The CLOFIT study comprised an online survey among the Dutch population ( = 1415). Perceived immune fitness before the pandemic (2019) and during the first lockdown period (15 March-11 May 2020) and the number and severity of COVID-19 symptoms were assessed. The COTEST study, conducted between December 2020 and June 2021, replicated the CLOFIT study in = 925 participants who were tested for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Dutch commercial test locations. The CLOFIT study revealed that immune fitness before the pandemic was the greatest predictor of the number and severity of COVID-19 symptoms (20.1% and 19.8%, respectively). Other significant predictors included immune fitness during the lockdown (5.5% and 7.1%, respectively), and having underlying diseases (0.4% and 0.5%, respectively). In the COTEST study, for those who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, immune fitness before the pandemic was the single predictor of the number (27.2%) and severity (33.1%) of COVID-19 symptoms during the pandemic. In conclusion, for those who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, immune fitness before the pandemic was the strongest predictor of the number and severity of COVID-19 symptoms during the pandemic. Therefore, the development of strategies to maintain an adequate immune fitness must be regarded as an essential component of pandemic preparedness.
大流行防范是与未来大流行相关的一个重要问题。此处描述的两项研究旨在确定预测2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）症状的存在和严重程度的因素。CLOFIT研究包括对荷兰人群（n = 1415）进行的一项在线调查。评估了大流行前（2019年）和第一次封锁期间（2020年3月15日至5月11日）的感知免疫健康状况以及COVID-19症状的数量和严重程度。COTEST研究在2020年12月至2021年6月期间进行，在925名参与者中重复了CLOFIT研究，这些参与者在荷兰商业检测地点接受了严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）检测。CLOFIT研究表明，大流行前的免疫健康状况是COVID-19症状数量和严重程度的最大预测因素（分别为20.1%和19.8%）。其他重要的预测因素包括封锁期间的免疫健康状况（分别为5.5%和7.1%）以及患有基础疾病（分别为0.4%和0.5%）。在COTEST研究中，对于SARS-CoV-2检测呈阳性的人，大流行前的免疫健康状况是大流行期间COVID-19症状数量（27.2%）和严重程度（33.1%）的唯一预测因素。总之，对于SARS-CoV-2检测呈阳性的人，大流行前的免疫健康状况是大流行期间COVID-19症状数量和严重程度的最强预测因素。因此，制定维持适当免疫健康状况的策略必须被视为大流行防范的一个重要组成部分。
