Molecular and Cell Biology Unit, Department of Paediatric Pulmonology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572 Poznan, Poland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2023 Jan 19;24(3):2006. doi: 10.3390/ijms24032006.
Due to their structural conservation and functional role in critical signalling pathways, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is a promising biomarker and modulator of pathological conditions. Most research has focussed on the role of microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). These molecules have been investigated both in a cellular and an extracellular context. Sources of ncRNAs may include organ-specific body fluids. Therefore, studies on ncRNAs in respiratory diseases include those on sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and exhaled breath condensate (EBC). It is worth identifying the limitations of these biosamples in terms of ncRNA abundance, processing and diagnostic potential. This review describes the progress in the literature on the role of ncRNAs in the pathogenesis and progression of severe respiratory diseases, including cystic fibrosis, asthma and interstitial lung disease. We showed that there is a deficit of information on lncRNAs and circRNAs in selected diseases, despite attempts to functionally bind them to miRNAs. miRNAs remain the most well-studied, but only a few investigations have been conducted on the least invasive biosample material, i.e., EBC. To summarise the studies conducted to date, we also performed a preliminary in silico analysis of the reported miRNAs, demonstrating the complexity of their role and interactions in selected respiratory diseases.
由于非编码 RNA（ncRNA）在关键信号通路中的结构保守性和功能作用，它是一种有前途的生物标志物和病理状况调节剂。大多数研究都集中在 microRNAs（miRNAs）、长非编码 RNA（lncRNAs）和环状 RNA（circRNAs）的作用上。这些分子在细胞内和细胞外环境中都进行了研究。ncRNA 的来源可能包括器官特异性体液。因此，关于呼吸疾病中的 ncRNA 的研究包括对痰液、支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）和呼出气冷凝液（EBC）的研究。值得确定这些生物样本在 ncRNA 丰度、加工和诊断潜力方面的局限性。
这篇综述描述了文献中关于 ncRNA 在严重呼吸疾病（包括囊性纤维化、哮喘和间质性肺疾病）发病机制和进展中的作用的研究进展。我们表明，尽管试图将它们与 miRNA 功能结合，但在选定疾病中，lncRNA 和 circRNA 的信息仍然不足。miRNAs 仍然是研究最多的，但只有少数研究针对最具侵袭性的生物样本材料，即 EBC 进行了研究。为了总结迄今为止进行的研究，我们还对报告的 miRNAs 进行了初步的计算机分析，证明了它们在选定的呼吸疾病中的作用和相互作用的复杂性。
