Fayez Mahmoud, Elmoslemany Ahmed, Al Romaihi Ahmad A, Azzawi Abdulfattah Y, Almubarak Abdullah, Elsohaby Ibrahim
Al-Ahsa Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Bacteriology, Veterinary Serum and Vaccine Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Cairo 131, Egypt.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2023 Jan 20;12(2):229. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12020229.
Household cats have been identified as potential antimicrobial resistance (AMR) reservoirs, and the extended-spectrum -lactamases (ESBL) producing circulating among cats has been more frequently reported globally, but the factors linked to its colonization remain poorly understood. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine shedding and the occurrence of multidrug resistant (MDR)- and ESBL-producing , as well as to determine risk factors associated with colonization of MDR and ESBL-producing isolated from both healthy and diseased cats in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. In a cross-sectional study, 2000 swabs were collected from five anatomical regions (anus, skin, ear canal, nares, and conjunctival sac) of 209 healthy and 191 diseased cats that were admitted to a veterinary clinic in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. In addition, each cat owner filled out a questionnaire about their cat's demographics, management, health status, and antimicrobial usage. was detected in 165 (41.3%) of all cats, including 59 (28.2%) healthy and 106 (55.5%) diseased cats. In total, 170 isolates were found in healthy (35.3%) and diseased (64.7%) cats. Susceptibility testing revealed that 123 (72.4%) of the isolates were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobials. Overall, 17.6% (30/170) of isolates were MDR, with 10 (5.9%) and 20 (11.8%) isolates found in healthy and diseased cats, respectively. However, only 12 (7.1%) isolates were resistant to cefotaxime and harbored the gene (ESBL-producer), with seven (4.1%) in healthy and five (2.9%) in diseased cats. Risk factor analysis showed that the odds of MDR and ESBL-producing were (20 and 17) and (six and eight) times higher when the family and cats were previously treated with antimicrobials, respectively. The presence of a child in the cat's family was also linked to an increased risk of MDR colonization (OR = 3.4). In conclusion, a high frequency of MDR and ESBL-producing was detected among healthy and diseased cats in Saudi Arabia, raising concerns about transmission to humans and supporting the need of a "One Health" approach to address the potential threats of cats as AMR reservoirs.
家猫已被确定为潜在的抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）储存宿主，全球范围内关于猫体内产生超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBL）的情况报告得越来越频繁，但与其定植相关的因素仍知之甚少。因此，本研究的目的是确定沙特阿拉伯东部省份健康和患病猫的粪便中多重耐药（MDR）和产ESBL细菌的排出情况及发生率，并确定与从这些猫中分离出的MDR和产ESBL细菌定植相关的风险因素。在一项横断面研究中，从沙特阿拉伯东部省份一家兽医诊所收治的209只健康猫和191只患病猫的五个解剖部位（肛门、皮肤、耳道、鼻孔和结膜囊）采集了2000份拭子。此外，每位猫主人填写了一份关于其猫的人口统计学、管理、健康状况和抗菌药物使用情况的问卷。在所有猫中，165只（41.3%）检测到了细菌，其中健康猫59只（28.2%），患病猫106只（55.5%）。总共在健康猫（35.3%）和患病猫（64.7%）中发现了170株细菌分离株。药敏试验显示，170株细菌分离株中有123株（72.4%）对至少一种测试抗菌药物耐药。总体而言，17.6%（30/170）的细菌分离株为MDR，其中健康猫中发现10株（5.9%），患病猫中发现20株（11.8%）。然而，只有12株（7.1%）细菌分离株对头孢噻肟耐药并携带ESBL基因（产ESBL菌），健康猫中有7株（4.1%），患病猫中有5株（2.9%）。风险因素分析表明，当猫及其家庭之前接受过抗菌药物治疗时，MDR和产ESBL细菌的几率分别高出（20倍和17倍）以及（6倍和8倍）。猫的家庭中有儿童也与MDR细菌定植风险增加有关（比值比=3.4）。总之，在沙特阿拉伯的健康和患病猫中检测到了高频率的MDR和产ESBL细菌，这引发了对其传播给人类的担忧，并支持采用“同一健康”方法来应对猫作为AMR储存宿主的潜在威胁的必要性。
